A patient with diabetes has a new prescription for the ACE inhibitor lisinopril. She questions this order because her physician has never told her that she has hypertension. What is the best explanation for this order?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The best explanation for the prescription of the ACE inhibitor lisinopril for a patient with diabetes who does not have hypertension is that this medication has a protective effect on the kidneys for patients with diabetes. ACE inhibitors like lisinopril have been shown to have renal protective benefits by reducing the progression of diabetic nephropathy, a common complication of diabetes that affects the kidneys. Therefore, even in the absence of hypertension, using an ACE inhibitor like lisinopril can help preserve kidney function in patients with diabetes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Metoprolol selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and cardiac output.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In Fried's rule for dosage calculation, the formula is to divide the child's age in months by 150 to find the fraction of adult dose that can be tolerated. Generally, a child is considered to tolerate an adult dose when they have reached 12 months of age. This is based on the assumption that a 12-month-old child can typically tolerate a dose similar to that of an adult. Therefore, the correct answer is 12 months, which is option C.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pharmacotherapeutics applies drugs to treat diseases and alleviate suffering, combining pharmacology and therapeutic intent, a precise term. Biologics are drug types, not application. Alternative therapies use non-drug methods. Therapeutics is broader, but pharmacotherapeutics specifies drug use, aligning with the definition and clinical practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In a patient who is severely anemic, the primary goal is to raise the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) contain a concentrated dose of red blood cells and are given to increase oxygen-carrying capacity in cases of significant anemia. Fresh frozen plasma, albumin, and whole blood do not specifically address the issue of low hemoglobin levels, making them less appropriate choices for this scenario.