A patient with coronary artery disease asks the nurse about the good cholesterol laboratory values. The nurse knows that good cholesterol refers to which lipids?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are often referred to as the "good cholesterol" because they help remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream back to the liver for processing and excretion. Higher levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with a reduced risk of coronary artery disease and other cardiovascular diseases. A higher HDL level is considered beneficial for heart health, while lower levels are associated with an increased risk of heart disease. Monitoring HDL cholesterol levels is important in the management of coronary artery disease and assessing cardiovascular risk.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse should suggest the patient mix the cholestyramine powder with food or fruit, or at least 4 to 6 ounces of fluid. Cholestyramine is a medication that works by binding with bile acids in the intestine, which requires mixing the powder with a sufficient amount of fluid to ensure proper administration. Mixing the powder with 4 to 6 ounces of fluid or food will help prevent clumping and ensure optimal effectiveness of the medication. Mixing it with a carbonated soda drink (option A) may not be ideal as the effervescence could affect the medication's stability. Adding the powder to any liquid and stirring vigorously (option B) may not effectively dissolve the powder. Taking the powder dry followed by a glass of water (option E) may also not be as effective in ensuring proper administration as when mixed with food or fluid.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Paradoxial bronchospasm is a potential side effect of Albuterol, a common bronchodilator medication used for treating asthma and other respiratory conditions. This side effect involves a sudden narrowing of the airways, making it difficult to breathe. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor patients closely for this adverse reaction, as it can be life-threatening and may require immediate intervention. If a patient experiences paradoxical bronchospasm after using Albuterol, they should seek medical attention promptly.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) The nurse should use the entire 50-milliliter vial. Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse should administer the entire 50-milliliter vial of the human salt poor albumin product because the physician ordered a gram of the product, which is provided in a 25% concentration. To achieve the ordered dosage of one gram, the nurse must administer the entire vial as it contains the necessary amount of the medication. Option B) The nurse should determine the volume to administer from the physician is incorrect because the physician's order already specifies the required dosage of one gram. Option C) This concentration of product should not be used is incorrect as there is no indication in the question that the concentration is inappropriate or unsafe for use. Educational context: Understanding medication concentrations and dosage calculations is crucial for nurses to ensure accurate administration of medications. In pharmacology, nurses must be able to interpret physician orders, calculate dosages correctly, and administer medications safely to provide optimal patient care. This question highlights the importance of dosage calculations and the significance of following physician orders accurately in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The antidote for Heparin, which is an anticoagulant medication, is protamine sulfate. Heparin works by inhibiting the body's ability to form blood clots, and an overdose of Heparin can lead to excessive bleeding. Protamine sulfate works by neutralizing the anticoagulant effects of Heparin. This antidote is particularly useful in cases of overdose or when immediate reversal of Heparin's effects is needed, such as during surgery or in emergency situations. Other options listed, such as Warfarin, Insulin, and Naloxone, are not the appropriate antidotes for Heparin toxicity.