ATI RN
Advanced Pharmacology Across the Lifespan Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with COPD is acutely hypercapneic. Which respiratory therapy should you prescribe to lower the patient's carbon dioxide concentration?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oxygen via a nasal cannula 2L/minute. In hypercapneic COPD patients, supplemental oxygen helps reduce the respiratory drive, leading to decreased carbon dioxide levels. Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate are used for long-term maintenance in COPD and do not address acute hypercapnia. Albuterol nebulizer is used for bronchodilation and does not directly lower carbon dioxide levels. Oxygen therapy is the most appropriate immediate intervention to address acute hypercapnia in COPD patients.
Question 2 of 5
A 39-year old patient who has been taking a specific antibiotic for years without problems develops tachycardia, lowered blood pressure, wheezing, and urticaria when given this antibiotic in the clinic. The most likely explanation for this occurrence is that the patient:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the patient is exhibiting symptoms of an anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction, which is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction to the antibiotic. Tachycardia, lowered blood pressure, wheezing, and urticaria are classic signs of anaphylaxis. The patient's history of previously tolerating the antibiotic without issues suggests an acquired hypersensitivity. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is unlikely as the patient has a history of taking the correct medication. Choice C (autoimmunity) does not fit the presentation of acute symptoms following antibiotic administration. Choice D is incorrect because the symptoms are consistent with an allergic reaction to the antibiotic.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following medications is associated with rapid acting insulin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Insulin glulisine (Apidra). This is a rapid-acting insulin because it has a quick onset of action, typically within 15 minutes. It is designed to be taken just before or after a meal to help control blood sugar spikes. Insulin detemir (Levemir) is a long-acting insulin, Regular insulin (Humulin R) is a short-acting insulin, and Insulin glargine is an intermediate-acting insulin. Therefore, based on the onset of action and timing of administration, insulin glulisine is the correct choice for rapid-acting insulin.
Question 4 of 5
A patient who has recently begun hormone replacement therapy with estrogen asks the NP how the hormone will affect her nonreproductive tissues. Which response(s) by the NP are appropriate? (select all that apply)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: It suppresses bone resorption. Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining bone health by inhibiting bone resorption, thus reducing the risk of osteoporosis. Estrogen does not directly reduce LDLs or fat deposits in the liver. While estrogen can have an impact on coagulation, it typically promotes anticoagulation rather than promoting and suppressing coagulation simultaneously. Therefore, choice A is the most appropriate response as it directly correlates with the effects of estrogen on nonreproductive tissues.
Question 5 of 5
You examine a male patient and find an enlarged prostate on a digital rectal examination. He complained of having difficulty with erectile dysfunction and urine flow. What appropriate treatment would be prescribed?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A daily low dose of oral tadalafil. This is the appropriate treatment because tadalafil is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor that is commonly used for both erectile dysfunction and benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate). A low daily dose of tadalafil can help improve both erectile function and urine flow in patients with an enlarged prostate. A: Oral tadalafil as needed may not provide consistent relief for urinary symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate. C: Sildenafil is another phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor but is not as effective for treating an enlarged prostate compared to tadalafil. D: Topical minoxidil is used for hair loss and is not indicated for the symptoms described in the patient scenario.