Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it aligns with the 2012 National Patient Safety Goals, specifically the goal of improving the accuracy of patient identification. By asking the patient to confirm their name, type of surgery, and limb to be removed, the surgical team is ensuring that they have the correct patient and are performing the correct procedure. This protocol helps prevent errors and ensures patient safety. Option B is incorrect because asking for licensure and certification does not directly relate to patient safety or accurate patient identification. Option C is incorrect because relying solely on chart numbers or hospital numbers may not be sufficient to prevent errors in patient identification. Option D is incorrect because while marking the procedure site is important, relying solely on the patient to verify the correct site may not be as effective as having the healthcare team confirm this information with the patient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Columbia Teachers College. This institution was the first to offer nursing graduates a baccalaureate degree, pioneering the advancement of nursing education. Columbia Teachers College had a dedicated nursing program that emphasized academic and clinical training, setting the standard for future nursing education. Explanation: A: Columbia Teachers College - Correct. Pioneered baccalaureate degree for nursing graduates. B: Yale University - Incorrect. Not historically known for offering the first baccalaureate degree in nursing. C: Harvard University - Incorrect. Focused on medical education, not nursing, at the time. D: New York Regents Program - Incorrect. Not a university and did not offer baccalaureate degrees in nursing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because in a mass casualty disaster following a terrorist attack, the same ground rules practiced in other settings and during smaller crises will be applicable. This is because the scale and complexity of the disaster require established protocols and procedures to manage the situation effectively. Choice A is incorrect because the response of local hospitals may not necessarily be dictated by the federal government in such situations. Choice C is incorrect because assigning the least experienced nurses to triage patients based on their perceived risk or chances of survival is not ethical or effective. Choice D is incorrect because having multiple incident commanders can lead to confusion and delays in decision-making during a crisis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: length of hospital stay. DRGs aim to reduce healthcare costs by incentivizing hospitals to provide efficient care and discharge patients sooner. Shortening the length of hospital stay helps decrease overall healthcare expenses without compromising the quality of care. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because DRGs focus on the duration of hospitalization, not necessarily on hospital admission rates, outpatient services, or specialty groups. Shortening hospital stays is a more direct way to control costs within the inpatient setting.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because reporting unsafe staffing levels to The Joint Commission is an appropriate course of action for addressing concerns about patient safety. The Joint Commission is an independent organization that accredits healthcare facilities and promotes high-quality care standards. Whistleblower protection laws safeguard employees who report violations of laws, regulations, or standards that threaten public health or safety. Reporting to The Joint Commission can lead to an investigation and potential improvement in staffing levels to ensure patient safety. Incorrect answers: B: Keeping copies of documented inappropriate staffing patterns in the nurse's personal file is not illegal, but it may not be the most effective way to address the issue. C: Recording personal thoughts on outcomes is not as effective as taking action to report concerns to the appropriate regulatory body. D: Seeking guidance is important, but in cases of unsafe staffing levels, it is crucial to report the issue to the appropriate regulatory agency for resolution.