ATI RN
Safety Pharmacology Across the Lifespan ATI Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with chronic pain is prescribed gabapentin. Gabapentin works by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Binding to calcium channels in the central nervous system. Gabapentin binds to the α2δ subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels in the central nervous system, reducing calcium influx and inhibiting the release of excitatory neurotransmitters. This mechanism helps to reduce neuronal hyperexcitability and alleviate neuropathic pain. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because gabapentin does not block sodium channels, inhibit serotonin reuptake, or increase dopamine levels.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is using albuterol inhaler before exercise. What is the most likely reason for this use?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prevention of bronchospasm. Albuterol is a bronchodilator commonly used to relieve bronchospasm in conditions like asthma. Before exercise, albuterol can help prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm by opening up the airways and making breathing easier. Choice B, pain management, is incorrect as albuterol is not used for pain relief. Choice C, reduction of blood pressure, is incorrect as albuterol primarily targets the lungs, not the cardiovascular system. Choice D, treatment of COPD, is incorrect as while albuterol can be used in COPD management, using it specifically before exercise is more indicative of preventing bronchospasm in asthma.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with asthma is prescribed salmeterol. Salmeterol works primarily by:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Relaxing bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors. Salmeterol is a long-acting beta-2 agonist that works by binding to beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the lungs, leading to the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle. This results in bronchodilation, which helps in relieving asthma symptoms. Choice A is incorrect as salmeterol does not block the action of histamine. Choice C is incorrect as salmeterol does not inhibit the release of leukotrienes. Choice D is incorrect as salmeterol does not block acetylcholine receptors in the lungs. In summary, the correct answer B is based on the mechanism of action of salmeterol as a beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, leading to bronchodilation and improved breathing in asthma patients.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is prescribed diphenhydramine for allergic rhinitis. Diphenhydramine works by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine that works by blocking histamine receptors in the respiratory tract. Histamine is released during an allergic reaction and causes symptoms like a runny nose. By blocking histamine receptors, diphenhydramine effectively reduces these symptoms. Therefore, option A is correct. Option B is incorrect because diphenhydramine does not stimulate beta-2 receptors. Option C is incorrect as diphenhydramine does not increase mucus production. Option D is incorrect as diphenhydramine does not block acetylcholine receptors in the brain.
Question 5 of 5
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed albuterol. The primary effect of albuterol is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dilating the bronchioles. Albuterol is a beta-2 adrenergic agonist that acts on bronchial smooth muscle to cause bronchodilation, improving airflow in patients with COPD. This effect helps relieve symptoms of bronchoconstriction and shortness of breath. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because albuterol does not increase mucus production, decrease bronchial inflammation, or inhibit histamine release. It primarily targets bronchial smooth muscle to promote bronchodilation.