A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with increased dyspnea, wheezing, and productive cough. Which of the following medications is most appropriate for bronchodilation and symptom relief in this patient?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Albuterol (salbutamol) is a short-acting beta agonist bronchodilator commonly used for quick relief of bronchoconstriction in patients with COPD. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, allowing for easier breathing and improved airflow. The patient's increased dyspnea, wheezing, and productive cough are indicative of bronchoconstriction, and albuterol is the most appropriate medication to provide rapid bronchodilation and symptom relief in this situation. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is an antihistamine and not typically used for bronchodilation in COPD. Montelukast (Singulair) is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that may be used in the maintenance treatment of COPD but is not the initial choice for acute symptom relief. Prednisone is a cortic

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Battery occurs when there is an intentional harmful or offensive contact with a person without their consent. In this scenario, Nurse Edna applied a body restraint to the patient without the doctor's order, which constitutes unauthorized physical contact. The patient did not give consent for the restraint, and Nurse Edna's action could be considered battery. It is important for healthcare providers to obtain proper authorization before using any form of physical restraint on a patient to avoid legal implications such as battery.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing action in this situation is to assess the client's blood pressure and other vital signs. The client's symptoms of severe headache, visual disturbances, and epigastric pain could be indicative of preeclampsia or eclampsia, which are serious conditions that require immediate medical attention. Checking the blood pressure and other vital signs will help determine if the client's symptoms are related to abnormal blood pressure levels, which is critical in identifying and managing hypertensive disorders in postpartum clients. Once the assessment is completed, appropriate medical interventions can be initiated promptly if necessary.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Amlodipine is a medication commonly prescribed to control and maintain blood pressure at normal levels. It belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers, which work by relaxing and widening blood vessels, making it easier for the heart to pump blood around the body. This ultimately helps to lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart, decreasing the risk of cardiovascular events like heart attacks and strokes. Lidocaine, Epinephrine, and Furosemide are not typically used for controlling and maintaining blood pressure within normal limits.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: X-ray is the most appropriate imaging modality for evaluating wrist involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. It can show joint space narrowing, erosions, soft tissue swelling, and periarticular osteopenia. X-rays are readily available, cost-effective, and provide valuable information about joint damage and disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis. In this case, X-ray would be able to confirm the presence of erosions, joint deformities, and assess the severity of the disease in the wrist joint. While MRI and ultrasound can also be helpful in evaluating rheumatoid arthritis, X-ray remains the initial imaging modality of choice due to its convenience and ability to assess bony changes. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan is not indicated for evaluating wrist involvement in rheumatoid arthritis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A profession is characterized by having a body of knowledge, a code of ethics, and engaging in research. However, being a member of a professional organization is not a defining characteristic of a profession. While many professionals may choose to join professional organizations for networking, support, and career advancement reasons, membership in such organizations is not universally required or exclusive to being considered a professional in a particular field. Hence, the presence or absence of professional organization membership does not determine the professional status of an individual.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nurse Merle has to renew her license on or before January 6, 2022, as that date falls at the end of the standard two-year license renewal cycle for nurses in many jurisdictions. Renewing on or before this date will ensure that Nurse Merle maintains her active licensure status and can continue practicing legally without any interruptions. It is important for healthcare professionals like nurses to stay current with their licensure to uphold professional standards and provide quality care to patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the most likely cause of the symptoms described in the pregnant woman. PID is an infection of the female reproductive organs, typically caused by sexually transmitted bacteria like Chlamydia or Gonorrhea. The classic presentation includes lower abdominal pain, fever, vaginal discharge, cervical motion tenderness, and bilateral adnexal tenderness on examination. This condition can lead to serious complications if not promptly treated, including infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Therefore, it is crucial to diagnose and manage PID promptly, especially in pregnant women, to prevent adverse outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For a diagnostic pelvic ultrasound, one important preparation is to have the patient void or empty their bladder before the procedure. This allows for better visualization of the pelvic organs and structures during the ultrasound scan. A full bladder can obstruct the view and make it difficult to obtain accurate images. Therefore, it is essential for the patient to follow instructions to empty their bladder before the pelvic ultrasound to ensure the best results.