A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with increased dyspnea, wheezing, and productive cough. Which of the following medications is most appropriate for bronchodilation and symptom relief in this patient?

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Question 1 of 9

A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with increased dyspnea, wheezing, and productive cough. Which of the following medications is most appropriate for bronchodilation and symptom relief in this patient?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Albuterol (salbutamol) is a short-acting beta agonist bronchodilator commonly used for quick relief of bronchoconstriction in patients with COPD. It works by relaxing the smooth muscles in the airways, allowing for easier breathing and improved airflow. The patient's increased dyspnea, wheezing, and productive cough are indicative of bronchoconstriction, and albuterol is the most appropriate medication to provide rapid bronchodilation and symptom relief in this situation. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is an antihistamine and not typically used for bronchodilation in COPD. Montelukast (Singulair) is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that may be used in the maintenance treatment of COPD but is not the initial choice for acute symptom relief. Prednisone is a cortic

Question 2 of 9

A postpartum client reports severe headache, visual disturbances, and epigastric pain. Which nursing action is most appropriate?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate nursing action in this situation is to assess the client's blood pressure and other vital signs. The client's symptoms of severe headache, visual disturbances, and epigastric pain could be indicative of preeclampsia or eclampsia, which are serious conditions that require immediate medical attention. Checking the blood pressure and other vital signs will help determine if the client's symptoms are related to abnormal blood pressure levels, which is critical in identifying and managing hypertensive disorders in postpartum clients. Once the assessment is completed, appropriate medical interventions can be initiated promptly if necessary.

Question 3 of 9

After the procedure, the patient was ordered for Lithotripsy, under spinal anesthesia. The nurse has to call the department of ________.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the provided scenario, the patient is scheduled for Lithotripsy under spinal anesthesia. This means that the nurse needs to communicate with the department of anesthesia to coordinate and prepare for the procedure. Anesthesia departments are responsible for administering various types of anesthesia, including spinal anesthesia, to ensure patients are comfortable and pain-free during medical procedures. Therefore, contacting the department of anesthesia is crucial in this situation to ensure that the necessary arrangements are in place for the patient's lithotripsy procedure.

Question 4 of 9

A postpartum client with a history of breast augmentation expresses concerns about breastfeeding difficulties. What nursing intervention should be prioritized to support successful breastfeeding in this situation?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Referring the client to a lactation consultant for specialized support should be prioritized to support successful breastfeeding in this situation. Breast augmentation surgery may impact milk production, let-down reflex, and proper latch due to alterations in breast tissue and nerve pathways. A lactation consultant can provide individualized guidance and support to address these specific challenges. Additionally, the consultant can assist in establishing a breastfeeding plan tailored to the client's unique needs, helping to optimize the breastfeeding experience for both the mother and the baby. It is crucial to seek expert assistance in navigating any potential difficulties that may arise from breastfeeding after breast augmentation to promote successful breastfeeding outcomes.

Question 5 of 9

A patient presents with urinary urgency, frequency, and nocturia. On physical examination, there is enlargement of the prostate gland with a smooth, firm consistency on digital rectal examination (DRE). Which of the following conditions is most likely?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The clinical presentation of urinary urgency, frequency, and nocturia along with prostate enlargement with a smooth, firm consistency on digital rectal examination (DRE) is classic for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH is a common condition in aging men characterized by non-malignant growth of the prostate gland, which can cause varying degrees of lower urinary tract symptoms due to obstruction of the urethra. In contrast, prostate cancer typically presents with findings like an asymmetric, hard, or nodular prostate on DRE, while prostatitis presents with symptoms like fever, perineal pain, and systemic symptoms. Urinary tract infection (UTI) may present with dysuria, frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain, but it does not usually cause prostate enlargement.

Question 6 of 9

Which of the following structures is responsible for storing and concentrating bile produced by the liver until it is needed for digestion?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The gallbladder is the structure responsible for storing and concentrating bile produced by the liver until it is needed for digestion. Bile is a digestive fluid that helps in the breakdown of fats during the digestive process. When food containing fats enters the small intestine, the gallbladder contracts and releases bile into the small intestine to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. The gallbladder acts as a reservoir for bile, storing it until it is needed for digestion.

Question 7 of 9

Which of the following actions is a violation of a psychiatric patient's rights?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the action that violates a psychiatric patient's rights is option C, where staff members confiscated written letters done by patients addressed to the local newspaper. Patients have the right to communicate freely and express their thoughts and feelings through various means, such as letter-writing. Confiscating these letters is a violation of their rights to free expression and communication. It is essential to respect and uphold the rights of psychiatric patients, including their right to communicate with others.

Question 8 of 9

Which of the following are some elements of primary health care except?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Primary health care encompasses a wide range of essential health services. While services such as the use of appropriate technology, safe water supply, and maternal child care are components of primary health care, providing free medicines is not typically considered a core element. Primary health care emphasizes accessibility, affordability, and basic health services, but free medicines may not always be sustainable or feasible in every healthcare setting. Patients may be required to pay for medications, utilize health insurance, or receive medications through public health programs, rather than always receiving them for free.

Question 9 of 9

A primigravida at 39 weeks gestation presents to the labor and delivery unit with contractions every 5 minutes, lasting 45 seconds each. On examination, her cervix is dilated to 3 cm. What is the appropriate nursing intervention?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The appropriate nursing intervention in this case is to encourage the mother to walk to facilitate labor progression. The patient is in early labor with contractions every 5 minutes, lasting 45 seconds each, and her cervix is dilated to 3 cm. Encouraging the mother to walk can help gravity assist the descent of the baby and promote cervical dilation. Walking can also help alleviate some discomfort and encourage labor progression. It is important to promote natural, non-invasive methods to support the progress of labor before considering medical interventions such as oxytocin or cesarean section. Relaxation techniques can also be beneficial in managing pain during labor.

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