ATI RN
Safety Pharmacology Across the Lifespan ATI Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed albuterol. The primary effect of albuterol is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dilating the bronchioles. Albuterol is a beta-2 adrenergic agonist that acts on bronchial smooth muscle to cause bronchodilation, improving airflow in patients with COPD. This effect helps relieve symptoms of bronchoconstriction and shortness of breath. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because albuterol does not increase mucus production, decrease bronchial inflammation, or inhibit histamine release. It primarily targets bronchial smooth muscle to promote bronchodilation.
Question 2 of 5
A histamine and serotonin receptor antagonist sometimes used for treatment of intestinal hypermobility of carcinoid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cyproheptadine. Cyproheptadine is a histamine and serotonin receptor antagonist, making it suitable for treating intestinal hypermobility of carcinoid tumors. Histamine and serotonin play a role in intestinal motility, and blocking their receptors can help alleviate symptoms. Summary of other choices: B: Ergonovine is a uterine stimulant and is not indicated for treating intestinal hypermobility. C: Loratadine is a selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist used for allergies, not for intestinal hypermobility. D: Promethazine is an antihistamine and antiemetic, but it is not commonly used for treating intestinal hypermobility associated with carcinoid tumors.
Question 3 of 5
A 25-year-old man suffering from hay fever started treatment with an over-the-counter antihistamine preparation. Which of the following statements best explains the molecular mechanism of action of the prescribed drug to treat this patient's hay fever?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reversible binding to H1 receptors. Antihistamines work by competitively binding to H1 receptors, blocking the action of histamine. This reversible binding prevents histamine from exerting its effects, such as inflammation and itching. Choice B is incorrect because irreversible binding would lead to prolonged effects and potential toxicity. Choice C is incorrect as H2 receptors are targeted by a different class of drugs used for conditions like acid reflux. Choice D is also incorrect for the same reason as choice B.
Question 4 of 5
A43-year-old woman complained to her physician of annoying daytime sleepiness. The woman, who was treated in the past with several drugs for generalized anxiety, had been receiving diazepam for the past month. One week ago, she started taking an over-the-counter preparation for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Which of the following drugs most likely precipitated the patient's daytime sleepiness?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice C (Diphenhydramine) is correct: 1. Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine known for causing sedation. 2. The patient was experiencing daytime sleepiness, a common side effect of diphenhydramine. 3. The combination with diazepam (a sedative) likely potentiated the sedative effects. 4. Loratadine (choice A) is a non-sedating antihistamine. 5. Prednisone (choice B) is a corticosteroid and not typically associated with sedation. 6. Zolpidem (choice D) is a sedative-hypnotic used for insomnia but not taken by the patient.
Question 5 of 5
The reasons determining bioavailability are:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bioavailability depends on absorption extent and hepatic first-pass metabolism (Choice C), where liver metabolism reduces drug availability post-oral administration. Blood rheology (Choice A) is unrelated, dose/intakes (Choice B) are factors but not primary, and filtration (Choice D) affects excretion.