ATI RN
Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 9
A patient with chronic kidney disease presents with progressively worsening anemia and elevated serum phosphate levels. Which medication is commonly prescribed to reduce serum phosphate levels in patients with chronic kidney disease?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sevelamer is a medication commonly prescribed to reduce serum phosphate levels in patients with chronic kidney disease. Sevelamer is a phosphate binder that works by binding to dietary phosphate in the gut, preventing its absorption into the bloodstream. By reducing serum phosphate levels, sevelamer helps manage complications associated with hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease patients, such as mineral and bone disorders. Other medications like epoetin alfa are used to treat anemia commonly seen in chronic kidney disease patients, while cinacalcet is used to manage secondary hyperparathyroidism. Allopurinol, on the other hand, is used to treat gout by reducing uric acid levels and is not indicated for reducing serum phosphate levels in chronic kidney disease patients.
Question 2 of 9
Should the investigation of the fall go further, which of the following is the best source of factual information ?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The incident report is the best source of factual information to investigate the fall further. Incident reports are official documents that provide a detailed account of what happened leading up to and during an incident. They include factual information such as the date, time, location, individuals involved, and details of the event. By reviewing the incident report, investigators can gather accurate information to determine the cause of the fall and any contributing factors. This document serves as an essential tool in conducting a thorough investigation into the fall and helps in identifying preventive measures to avoid similar incidents in the future.
Question 3 of 9
Nursing, as a human science, deals with the critical and fundamental differences in attitude toward their respective phenomena. Which of the following is an aim o: human sciences?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The aim of human sciences, including nursing as a human science, is to make meaningful interpretations of the phenomena being studied. Unlike natural sciences that may focus on prediction, control, or seeking causal explanations, the human sciences aim to understand and interpret human experiences, behaviors, and relationships in a meaningful way. In nursing, this involves not only understanding the biological aspects of health and illness but also considering the holistic and humanistic aspects of care, such as emotions, values, beliefs, and perceptions. By making meaningful interpretations, nurses can better understand their patients and provide individualized and patient-centered care.
Question 4 of 9
Which of the following historical data MOST probably led to a post-traumatic stress disorder?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The suicide of her mother is the most probable historical data that led to post-traumatic stress disorder. Experiencing the suicide of a close family member, especially a parent, can be an extremely traumatic event that can have long-lasting psychological effects. Witnessing or dealing with such a tragic loss can lead to feelings of helplessness, depression, guilt, and intense emotional distress, all of which are common in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This significant and distressing event could have a profound impact on the individual's mental health and well-being, contributing to the development of PTSD symptoms such as intrusive memories, avoidance behaviors, negative mood alterations, and changes in arousal or reactivity.
Question 5 of 9
Non verbal communication is as strong in conveying information because the nurse can _________.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nonverbal communication is as strong in conveying information because the nurse can effectively interpret and understand gestures made by the individual they are interacting with. Gestures such as hand movements, facial expressions, eye contact, and body posture can communicate a lot of information without the use of words. By observing these nonverbal cues, nurses can better comprehend the emotions, needs, and feelings of their patients or colleagues, leading to more effective communication and overall better care. Nonverbal communication, including gestures, plays a significant role in creating a holistic understanding of individuals' messages beyond just words.
Question 6 of 9
The nurse reviews the patient 's plan of care. Which of the following nursing diagnose will be the PRIORITY?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In prioritizing nursing diagnoses, the nurse should consider issues that pose the greatest risk to the patient's immediate well-being. A fluid volume deficit can lead to dehydration and potentially life-threatening complications, making it a priority to address. It is crucial to restore fluid balance to maintain normal body functions and prevent further deterioration of the patient's condition. Ensuring adequate hydration is essential for the patient's overall health and recovery. The other options, such as risk for pain, coping, and body image disturbances, while important, are not as urgent as addressing a fluid volume deficit.
Question 7 of 9
When Nurse Ace suubitted a report to the physician that she committed an error in medication. This is an example of
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nurse Ace submitting a report to the physician about committing an error in medication demonstrates accountability. Accountability in healthcare refers to the responsibility of individuals to answer for their actions, decisions, and behaviors in the professional setting. By taking ownership of the mistake and informing the physician, Nurse Ace is showing accountability for her actions, ensuring that patient safety remains a priority. Compliance with reporting errors is essential for quality improvement and patient safety in healthcare settings.
Question 8 of 9
A patient with cystic fibrosis (CF) presents with recurrent pulmonary exacerbations characterized by increased sputum production, cough, and fever. Which of the following treatments is most effective for addressing the underlying pathophysiology of CF and preventing disease progression?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most effective treatment for addressing the underlying pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF) and preventing disease progression is the use of mucolytic agents, such as dornase alfa. CF is a genetic disorder that leads to the production of thick, sticky mucus in the respiratory tract. This mucus buildup can obstruct airways, lead to recurrent infections, and contribute to pulmonary exacerbations. Mucolytic agents work by reducing the viscosity of the mucus, making it easier to clear from the airways. This helps to improve lung function, reduce the frequency of exacerbations, and slow down disease progression in CF patients. Inhaled corticosteroids may be used for managing airway inflammation, but they do not target the underlying mucus production in CF. Antibiotic therapy is important for treating respiratory infections in CF patients, but it does not address the primary
Question 9 of 9
A patient presents with fatigue, pallor, and dyspnea on exertion. Laboratory tests reveal a low hemoglobin level, decreased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient's presentation with fatigue, pallor, dyspnea on exertion, low hemoglobin level, decreased MCV, and decreased MCHC are all consistent with iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia and occurs when there is insufficient iron available for hemoglobin production. The low hemoglobin level results in symptoms such as fatigue and pallor, while the decreased MCV and MCHC indicate microcytic and hypochromic red blood cells, respectively, which are characteristic of iron deficiency anemia. Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia and thalassemia typically present with a different pattern of laboratory findings and clinical manifestations. Sickle cell anemia is characterized by sickle-shaped red blood cells due to a genetic mutation, and the laboratory findings in sickle cell anemia are different from those seen in the patient described in this scenario.