Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sevelamer is a medication commonly prescribed to reduce serum phosphate levels in patients with chronic kidney disease. Sevelamer is a phosphate binder that works by binding to dietary phosphate in the gut, preventing its absorption into the bloodstream. By reducing serum phosphate levels, sevelamer helps manage complications associated with hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease patients, such as mineral and bone disorders. Other medications like epoetin alfa are used to treat anemia commonly seen in chronic kidney disease patients, while cinacalcet is used to manage secondary hyperparathyroidism. Allopurinol, on the other hand, is used to treat gout by reducing uric acid levels and is not indicated for reducing serum phosphate levels in chronic kidney disease patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Endometriosis is a condition characterized by the abnormal growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. One common symptom of endometriosis is excessive menstrual bleeding, known as menorrhagia. This excessive bleeding is due to the presence of endometrial tissue in abnormal locations, leading to inflammation, scarring, and blood accumulation. In severe cases, endometriosis can lead to the formation of adhesions, cysts, and scar tissue, causing significant pain and fertility issues for affected individuals. Endometrial hyperplasia, leiomyomas (uterine fibroids), and adenomyosis are other gynecological conditions, but they do not involve the abnormal proliferation of endometrial tissue outside the uterus like endometriosis does.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: It is essential for nurses to record vital signs and notes on a patient as soon as they obtain them. This allows for accurate and timely documentation of crucial information related to the patient's health status. By recording the information promptly, nurses can ensure that they do not forget important details and can provide effective care based on accurate data. Waiting for lunch break or after completing other tasks can lead to delays in documentation, which may compromise patient care and safety. Therefore, the ideal and proper time for recording vital signs and notes is immediately after obtaining them.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient's presentation of sudden-onset, painless vision loss in the right eye, along with a cherry-red spot at the macula and attenuated retinal vessels, is classic for central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO). In CRAO, there is a sudden blockage of the central retinal artery, leading to ischemia of the retina. The cherry-red spot represents the preserved choroid blood flow against the ischemic retina. The attenuated retinal vessels are a result of decreased blood flow in the retinal circulation. This condition is considered an ophthalmic emergency and requires immediate evaluation and management to prevent permanent vision loss.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse should reposition the patient to alleviate pressure on vulnerable areas. Pressure injuries can develop when there is prolonged pressure on specific areas of the skin, leading to reduced blood flow and tissue damage. Repositioning the patient helps to relieve the pressure and prevent the development of pressure injuries. Applying a pressure-relieving device may also be helpful, but the immediate action should be to reposition the patient to address the issue. Documenting the observation is important for documentation purposes, but the priority is to take action to prevent harm to the patient. Continuing with the positioning as planned without addressing the inadequate skin protection could lead to the development of pressure injuries, which should be avoided.