A patient with chronic kidney disease is experiencing severe pruritus and signs of hypocalcemia. What intervention would address both the symptoms and underlying cause?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Administering vitamin D supplements is the correct intervention for a patient with chronic kidney disease experiencing pruritus and signs of hypocalcemia. Vitamin D helps in calcium absorption and regulation, addressing the underlying cause of hypocalcemia. By increasing calcium levels, pruritus can also be alleviated. Summary: A: Administering vitamin D supplements is correct as it addresses both symptoms and the underlying cause. B: Prescribing a high-phosphate diet would worsen the condition as excess phosphate can further decrease calcium levels. C: Providing diuretics to reduce fluid retention does not address the hypocalcemia or pruritus. D: Increasing oral calcium intake through supplements may be harmful without addressing the underlying cause of hypocalcemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of establishing ideal body weight for a 5'9" healthy female using the rule-of-thumb method, the correct answer is D) 145 lb. This calculation is derived from the formula of 100 lb for 5 ft, plus 5 lb for each inch over 5 feet. Therefore, for a 5'9" female, it would be 100 lb + (9 inches * 5 lb/inch) = 145 lb. Option A) 130 lb is incorrect because it does not account for the additional height beyond 5 feet. Option B) 135 lb is also incorrect as it falls short of the accurate calculation based on the rule-of-thumb method. Option C) 140 lb is similarly incorrect as it underestimates the ideal weight based on the patient's height. Understanding how to calculate ideal body weight is crucial in healthcare, especially in fields like nutrition and fluid balance. Nurses and healthcare professionals use these calculations to monitor patients' health, assess nutritional status, and determine appropriate interventions. Knowing the accurate ideal body weight helps in creating personalized diet plans, monitoring weight changes, and evaluating overall health and wellness. By grasping the rationale behind calculating ideal body weight, healthcare providers can make informed decisions to support patients in achieving and maintaining optimal health outcomes. It underscores the importance of precision in healthcare assessments and interventions, ensuring the best possible care for individuals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Increasing fiber in the diet is a commonly recommended practice by nutritionists due to its numerous health benefits, including its impact on cholesterol levels. The correct answer is (A) increases fecal excretion of cholesterol. Fiber, specifically soluble fiber found in foods like oats, fruits, and legumes, binds to cholesterol in the gut. This binding prevents cholesterol from being absorbed into the bloodstream, leading to increased excretion of cholesterol through feces. As a result, blood cholesterol levels decrease, which is beneficial for heart health. Option (B) decreases fecal excretion of cholesterol is incorrect because, as mentioned earlier, fiber actually increases the excretion of cholesterol by binding to it in the gut. Option (C) facilitates intake and use of trans fat is incorrect as fiber does not facilitate the intake or use of trans fats; rather, it aids in the removal of cholesterol. Option (D) raises blood cholesterol levels is also incorrect because fiber has the opposite effect of lowering blood cholesterol levels. Educationally, understanding the role of fiber in cholesterol management is crucial for promoting heart health. Teaching individuals about the benefits of fiber-rich foods and their impact on cholesterol can empower them to make informed dietary choices. Encouraging the consumption of a variety of fiber sources can help individuals achieve optimal cholesterol levels and reduce their risk of heart disease. This knowledge reinforces the importance of a balanced and nutritious diet in maintaining overall health and well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D) adulthood because this stage of life is characterized by relatively stable nutrient needs once growth and development have ceased. During infancy, nutrient needs are high due to rapid growth and development, while adolescence is a period of increased nutrient requirements to support growth spurts and hormonal changes. Pregnancy is a unique life stage where nutrient needs are significantly elevated to support the growth and development of the fetus, as well as the increased demands on the mother's body. In an educational context, understanding when nutrient needs stabilize in adulthood is crucial for individuals to make informed decisions about their dietary choices and overall health. Knowing that adulthood is a period where nutrient requirements are relatively constant can help individuals tailor their diets to meet these needs without excess or deficiency. It also emphasizes the importance of a balanced and varied diet throughout adulthood to support overall health and well-being. This knowledge empowers individuals to make informed choices about their nutrition and fluid balance, promoting long-term health and wellness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Eat whole-grain foods with meals. This recommendation aligns with the MyPyramid Food Guide, which promotes a balanced diet by encouraging the consumption of whole grains. Whole grains are rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals, which are essential for overall health and well-being. They provide sustained energy, aid in digestion, and help regulate blood sugar levels. Option A) Increase intake of saturated fats is incorrect because MyPyramid advises limiting saturated fats as they can contribute to heart disease and other health problems. Opting for healthier fats like those found in nuts, seeds, and oily fish is preferred. Option C) Change the number of food groups is incorrect as MyPyramid's food guidance system is based on five food groups (grains, vegetables, fruits, dairy, protein) that provide a comprehensive range of essential nutrients. Altering the number of food groups would not align with the evidence-based recommendations for a balanced diet. Option D) Decrease emphasis on chronic illness is incorrect because promoting good nutrition through the consumption of whole grains, along with other nutrient-dense foods, is a key strategy in preventing chronic illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Educationally, understanding the MyPyramid Food Guide and its recommendations is crucial for promoting healthy eating habits and overall wellness. By emphasizing the importance of whole grains and other nutrient-rich foods, individuals can make informed choices to support their health and prevent diet-related diseases. Teaching young mothers about meal preparation and nutrition empowers them to make positive choices for themselves and their families, setting the foundation for a lifetime of good health.