ATI RN
Introduction to Professional Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with bacterial pneumonia has coarse crackles and thick sputum. Which action should the nurse plan to promote airway clearance?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Help the patient to splint the chest when coughing. This action supports the patient in effectively clearing thick sputum by providing external support to the chest wall during the coughing effort. Splinting the chest can help increase the force of the cough and improve the effectiveness of clearing secretions. A: Restricting oral fluids during the day is incorrect as hydration is important in thinning sputum and promoting airway clearance. B: Encouraging pursed-lip breathing technique is helpful for some respiratory conditions, but it may not be as effective in promoting airway clearance in this case. D: Encouraging the patient to wear the nasal O2 cannula is important for oxygenation but does not directly address airway clearance.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse assesses a client with asthma and notes bilateral wheezing, decreased pulse oxygen saturation, and suprasternal retraction on inhalation. What actions by the nurse are best? (Select all that do not apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Tracheal deviation is not a typical assessment finding in a client with asthma. The presence of bilateral wheezing, decreased oxygen saturation, and suprasternal retraction suggests an exacerbation of asthma, not a condition that would cause tracheal deviation. Administering a salmeterol inhaler (choice A) is appropriate for managing asthma symptoms. Administering oxygen and placing the client on an oximeter (choice C) is also appropriate to monitor oxygen saturation levels. Performing peak expiratory flow readings (choice D) is a standard assessment tool for evaluating asthma severity. However, assessing the client for tracheal deviation (choice B) is not relevant to the management of asthma exacerbation and would not provide helpful information in this case.
Question 3 of 5
Which finding for a patient with mitral valve stenosis would be of most concern to the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Shortness of breath on exertion. In mitral valve stenosis, the narrowing of the valve obstructs blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, leading to increased pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary congestion. Shortness of breath on exertion indicates worsening heart failure and pulmonary congestion, which are critical in mitral valve stenosis. The other options are not directly associated with mitral valve stenosis. A diastolic murmur is a common finding in mitral valve stenosis but may not necessarily indicate worsening condition. Peripheral edema is more commonly seen in right-sided heart failure, and right upper quadrant tenderness is not typically associated with mitral valve stenosis.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is developing a teaching plan for a 64-year-old patient with coronary artery disease (CAD). Which factor should the nurse focus on during the teaching session?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level) because it directly correlates with the patient's CAD condition. Elevated LDL cholesterol is a major risk factor for developing CAD. By focusing on lowering the LDL level through lifestyle changes and medication, the nurse can effectively manage and prevent further progression of the disease. A (Family history of coronary artery disease) while important, is a non-modifiable risk factor and may not be as impactful in the teaching plan as addressing the patient's current elevated LDL level. C (Greater risk associated with the patient's gender) is not as relevant in this case because the patient's specific risk factors should be the main focus rather than general gender-related risks. D (Increased risk of cardiovascular disease with aging) is a common risk factor, but in this case, addressing the patient's elevated LDL level would be more specific and beneficial for managing CAD.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is reviewing drug therapy for hypertension. According to the JNC-8 guidelines, antihypertensive drug therapy for a newly diagnosed hypertensive African-American patient would most likely include which drug or drug classes?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Calcium channel blockers with thiazide diuretics. According to JNC-8 guidelines, for African-American patients with hypertension, the preferred initial drug therapy includes calcium channel blockers and thiazide diuretics due to their effectiveness in this population. Calcium channel blockers are particularly beneficial in African-Americans, and thiazide diuretics help to address volume overload. Vasodilators alone (A) are not typically recommended as initial therapy. ACE inhibitors (B) are not the first-line choice for African-American patients. Beta blockers (D) are not the preferred initial therapy for this population based on JNC-8 guidelines.