A patient with an ileostomy is suffering from frequent diarrhea. The clinician should advise the patient to increase his intake of what food to thicken stool output?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the case of a patient with an ileostomy experiencing frequent diarrhea, the correct advice would be to increase the intake of potatoes to help thicken stool output. Potatoes are a starchy food that can have a binding effect on the stool due to their high fiber content, which can help regulate bowel movements and reduce diarrhea. Celery and salad greens, options A and B, are high in fiber and water content, which can actually worsen diarrhea by adding bulk and increasing fluid content in the stool. This can lead to more frequent bowel movements and exacerbate the issue for a patient with an ileostomy. Dried beans and peas, option D, are also high in fiber and can potentially aggravate diarrhea in individuals with an ileostomy due to their ability to increase stool bulk and gas production. In an educational context, understanding the effects of different foods on stool consistency is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals caring for patients with altered bowel function, such as those with an ileostomy. Providing appropriate dietary recommendations tailored to the patient's needs can help manage symptoms and improve their quality of life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) naturopathic medicine. Naturopathic medicine is based on the belief that the body has an inherent ability to heal itself, also known as the "vital force" or "life force." Naturopathic practitioners focus on supporting this natural healing process through a holistic approach that includes nutrition, lifestyle changes, herbal medicine, and other natural therapies. Option A) homeopathic medicine is a system of medicine based on the principle of "like cures like" and uses highly diluted substances to stimulate the body's self-healing abilities. While homeopathy also emphasizes the body's ability to heal itself, it is distinct from naturopathic medicine. Option B) integrative medicine combines conventional medicine with evidence-based complementary therapies. While integrative medicine may incorporate aspects of naturopathic principles, it does not specifically focus on the inherent "life force" concept. Option D) Ayurvedic medicine is a traditional system of medicine from India that also emphasizes the body's natural ability to heal itself through a balance of elements and energies. However, Ayurvedic medicine is based on different principles than naturopathic medicine. Educationally, understanding the differences between these types of medicine is important for healthcare professionals to provide well-rounded care to patients. Knowing the principles and approaches of various types of medicine allows for a more comprehensive and individualized approach to patient care, taking into account their beliefs and preferences regarding healing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) increased fluid intake will decrease the intake of nutrient-dense foods. This answer is correct because older adults often have reduced appetites and may struggle to consume enough calories and nutrients to meet their daily needs. By choosing to drink more fluids, they may feel full faster and therefore consume even fewer nutrient-dense foods, putting them at risk for dehydration due to inadequate intake of essential nutrients. Option A is incorrect because drinking fluids should not cause loss of bladder control in older adults. Option B is incorrect because while older adults may not always notice mouth dryness as readily as younger individuals, it is not a primary factor contributing to dehydration in this population. Option D is incorrect because changes in intestinal motility may contribute to issues like constipation in older adults but are not a direct cause of excess fluid loss leading to dehydration. In an educational context, it is important for healthcare professionals to understand the unique challenges older adults face in maintaining proper hydration and nutrition. Encouraging a balanced approach to fluid intake while ensuring consumption of nutrient-dense foods is crucial in promoting overall health and well-being in this population.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) fetal programming. Fetal programming refers to the concept that maternal malnutrition during critical periods of development can lead to lifelong changes in genetic expression and increase the risk of obesity in the offspring. This phenomenon highlights the impact of environmental factors on gene expression and subsequent health outcomes. Option A) genetic determination is incorrect because it implies that genetics alone determine the outcome, disregarding the role of environmental influences like maternal nutrition. Option B) metabolic tolerance is incorrect as it does not address the specific impact of maternal malnutrition during critical periods on genetic expression and obesity risk in offspring. Option C) chromosomal influence is incorrect as it focuses on chromosomal factors rather than the environmental influence of maternal malnutrition during development. Educationally, understanding fetal programming is crucial for healthcare providers as it underscores the importance of maternal nutrition in influencing long-term health outcomes for the offspring. This knowledge can inform interventions to promote optimal nutrition during pregnancy to mitigate the risk of obesity and other health issues in future generations.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the first six months of lactation, a breastfeeding mother requires approximately 330 extra kilocalories per day to meet the increased energy demands of producing breast milk. This additional energy is crucial for sustaining both the mother's health and the proper growth and development of the infant. Option A (250 kcal) is insufficient to meet the heightened energy needs during lactation. Consuming only 250 extra kcalories may not provide the necessary energy for the mother to produce an adequate amount of quality breast milk continuously. Option C (400 kcal) and Option D (470 kcal) exceed the recommended additional kcalories needed during lactation. Consuming significantly more calories than necessary can lead to weight gain for the mother, which may not be beneficial for her overall health. It is important for healthcare professionals, especially nurses, to understand the specific nutritional requirements of breastfeeding mothers to provide accurate guidance and support. By knowing the correct amount of extra kcalories needed, nurses can help mothers make informed dietary choices to maintain their health and support optimal infant nutrition.