ATI RN
Concept of Family Health Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with AIDS is planning a trip to Mexico. What teaching should the nurse provide to this patient to prevent the development of an opportunistic infection? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use beach towels. Using beach towels can help prevent skin infections caused by exposure to contaminated surfaces. Walking barefoot (B) can increase the risk of skin infections. Eating raw fruits or vegetables (C) is not directly related to preventing opportunistic infections in this scenario. Cleaning bathroom supplies with bleach (D) is important for general hygiene but not specific to preventing opportunistic infections.
Question 2 of 5
A patient admitted to an alcoholism rehabilitation program says, 'I’m just a social drinker. I usually have a drink or two at brunch, a few cocktails in the afternoon, wine at dinner, and several drinks during the evening.' Which defense mechanism is evident?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Denial. The patient's statement reflects denial as they are minimizing their alcohol consumption by categorizing it as normal social drinking. Denial is a defense mechanism where a person refuses to acknowledge a reality or truth to protect themselves from anxiety or discomfort. In this scenario, the patient is not accepting the reality of their excessive drinking habits. Explanation for other choices: A: Rationalization - This defense mechanism involves justifying behavior with logical reasoning. The patient is not providing logical reasoning for their drinking habits. B: Introjection - This defense mechanism involves internalizing external beliefs or values. The patient's statement does not indicate internalizing external beliefs. C: Projection - This defense mechanism involves attributing one's unacceptable thoughts or emotions to others. The patient is not projecting their drinking habits onto others.
Question 3 of 5
When a person first begins drinking alcohol, two drinks produce relaxation and drowsiness. After 1 year, four drinks are needed to achieve the same relaxed, drowsy state. Why does this change occur?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tolerance develops. Tolerance occurs when the body adapts to repeated exposure to alcohol, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect. Initially, two drinks were sufficient, but over time, the body adjusts, leading to the need for four drinks to achieve the same level of relaxation and drowsiness. This change is not due to the alcohol being less potent (A), antagonistic effects (C), or hypomagnesemia (D). Tolerance is a well-documented phenomenon in the context of alcohol consumption, explaining the increased amount needed to achieve the desired effect.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse with a history of narcotic dependence is found unconscious in the hospital locker room after overdosing. The nurse is transferred to the inpatient chemical dependence unit for care. Which attitudes or behaviors by nursing staff may be enabling?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because conveying understanding that pressures associated with nursing practice underlie substance use may enable the nurse's behavior by justifying or excusing the substance dependence. This attitude may inadvertently support the nurse's addiction by overlooking the need for accountability and treatment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because: B: Pointing out that work problems are the result, but not the cause, of substance dependence does not enable the behavior. It acknowledges the issue without excusing or enabling it. C: Conveying empathy when the nurse discusses fears of disciplinary action by the state board of nursing is not enabling behavior. It shows support and understanding without condoning the substance misuse. D: Providing health teaching about stress management is not enabling behavior. It focuses on addressing the underlying issues rather than enabling or excusing the substance dependence.
Question 5 of 5
Which assessment findings will the nurse expect in an individual who has just injected heroin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Drowsiness, constricted pupils, slurred speech. After injecting heroin, the individual experiences a rapid onset of effects due to the drug's ability to quickly cross the blood-brain barrier. The central nervous system is depressed, leading to drowsiness and sedation. Heroin causes constriction of the pupils (miosis) due to its effect on the autonomic nervous system. The individual may also exhibit slurred speech due to the drug's impact on cognitive and motor functions. Incorrect Choices: A: Anxiety, restlessness, paranoid delusions - These symptoms are more commonly associated with stimulant drugs like cocaine or amphetamines. B: Heightened sexuality, insomnia, euphoria - These effects are more commonly seen with stimulant drugs rather than heroin. C: Muscle aching, dilated pupils, tachycardia - Muscle aching and tachycardia are signs of opioid withdrawal rather than immediate effects of heroin use. Dil