A patient with advanced dementia is bedbound and at risk of developing pressure ulcers. What intervention should the palliative nurse prioritize to prevent pressure ulcer formation?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most effective intervention to prevent pressure ulcers in bedbound patients at risk, such as those with advanced dementia, is to use pressure-relieving support surfaces like specialized mattresses or cushions. These surfaces help distribute the pressure evenly, reducing the risk of pressure ulcer formation on bony prominences. Turning the patient every 2 hours (choice A) can also help relieve pressure, but it may not be sufficient to prevent pressure ulcers in high-risk individuals. Applying barrier creams or moisture barriers (choice B) can help protect the skin but may not address the underlying issue of pressure on vulnerable areas. Administering prophylactic antibiotics (choice D) is not recommended for preventing pressure ulcers as it does not address the root cause of the problem and can lead to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the priority intervention should be to use pressure-relieving support surfaces to minimize the risk of pressure ulcers in

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: I. It blocks the urethra: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition in which the prostate gland enlarges and can squeeze the urethra, leading to urinary symptoms such as difficulty urinating. This statement correctly explains one of the effects of BPH on the urinary system.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Scabies is caused by an infestation of the microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. This parasitic mite burrows into the upper layer of the skin, where it lays eggs and causes intense itching and skin irritation. The transmission of scabies usually occurs through close and prolonged skin-to-skin contact with an infested person. Unlike viruses, bacteria, and fungi, which are microorganisms that can also cause skin infections, scabies specifically refers to an infestation by a parasitic mite.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The appropriate nursing action in this situation would be to distract the patient's attention. When a patient perceives that others are talking about them, it may indicate feelings of paranoia or anxiety. It's important to help the patient refocus on something else to alleviate their distress. Distracting the patient's attention can help calm them down and allow the blood pressure measurement to proceed smoothly. This approach respects the patient's feelings and helps manage the situation effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that focuses on producing the greatest overall balance of good over bad consequences for everyone involved. In the context of the situation described, nurses being floated to areas of most need during a nursing shortage is an example of utilitarianism in action. The decision to float nurses is aimed at maximizing the benefit to the greatest number of patients by ensuring that critical care is provided where it is most needed, even if it may cause inconvenience or discomfort to the nurses being floated. This decision aligns with the principle of maximizing overall utility and promoting the greater good, which are central tenets of utilitarianism.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Signs such as using tissues to doorknobs suggest that the patient is unconsciously controlling unacceptable impulses or feelings. This behavior falls under the category of defense mechanisms, specifically displacement, where the individual redirects their emotions from a threatening target to a safer one. In this case, the patient may be experiencing anxiety or fear related to contamination or germs, leading them to use tissues to avoid touching doorknobs directly. It is a way for the patient to manage their underlying emotions, albeit unconsciously, through this compulsive behavior.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nurse Merle has to renew her license on or before January 6, 2022, as that date falls at the end of the standard two-year license renewal cycle for nurses in many jurisdictions. Renewing on or before this date will ensure that Nurse Merle maintains her active licensure status and can continue practicing legally without any interruptions. It is important for healthcare professionals like nurses to stay current with their licensure to uphold professional standards and provide quality care to patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The options provided focus on specific health indicators related to mother and child health in the Philippines among ASEAN countries that can be addressed by the Universal Health Law.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Patients prescribed proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for the treatment of GERD should be closely monitored for the development of osteoporosis. PPIs have been associated with an increased risk of developing osteoporotic fractures, particularly in long-term users. This risk is thought to be due to decreased calcium absorption as stomach acidity is reduced by PPIs, leading to potential alterations in bone metabolism and density. Therefore, it is important for healthcare providers to assess bone health, educate patients on calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and consider other risk factors for osteoporosis in individuals taking PPIs long-term. While hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, and Clostridium difficile infection may be seen as adverse effects with other medications or conditions, osteoporosis is the adverse effect most closely monitored in patients taking PPIs for GERD.