A patient with a tracheostomy has difficulty removing excessive, thick mucus from the respiratory tract. The nurse expects that which drug will be ordered to aid in the removal of mucus?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Guaifenesin is an expectorant that helps loosen and thin mucus in the respiratory tract. 2. It aids in the removal of excessive, thick mucus, making it easier for the patient to cough it out. 3. Benzonatate is a cough suppressant, not an expectorant. 4. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine and not indicated for mucus removal. 5. Dextromethorphan is a cough suppressant and does not help in mucus expectoration. In summary, guaifenesin is the correct choice as it specifically targets mucus removal, while the other options do not have this expectorant effect.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tachyphylaxis. Tachyphylaxis refers to a rapid decrease in response to a drug that develops within minutes. This term specifically describes the phenomenon of developing a tolerance to a drug in a short period of time. Refractoriness (A) generally refers to a lack of response to a drug over time. Cumulative effect (B) is the gradual build-up of a drug's effects with repeated doses. Tolerance (C) is the gradual decrease in response to a drug over an extended period, not within minutes. Thus, the most appropriate term for a rapid decrease in responsiveness to a drug is tachyphylaxis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cocaine. Cocaine is only used for surface or topical anesthesia due to its potent vasoconstrictive properties and high potential for systemic toxicity. It is not suitable for deeper anesthesia due to its side effects. Tetracaine, Mepivacaine, and Lidocaine can be used for both surface and deeper anesthesia, unlike Cocaine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Benztropine is the correct answer as it acts as both a muscarinic and nicotinic blocker. Benztropine primarily blocks muscarinic receptors, leading to decreased parasympathetic activity. It also has some nicotinic blocking effects, particularly at higher doses. Atropine (choice A) is a muscarinic antagonist only, while Hexamethonium (choice C) and Succinylcholine (choice D) are nicotinic antagonists only.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tubocurarine. Tubocurarine is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker that can cause hypotension and bronchospasm as side effects due to its mechanism of action on nicotinic receptors. A: Vecuronium is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker but is less likely to cause hypotension and bronchospasm. B: Succinylcholine is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker and does not typically cause hypotension and bronchospasm. D: Rapacuronium is a neuromuscular blocker that was withdrawn from the market due to the risk of severe bronchospasm.