ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with a severe infection develops rapid breathing. Blood gas analysis shows a pH of 7.49 and PaCOâ‚‚ of 30 mmHg. What is the diagnosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct diagnosis is A: Respiratory alkalosis. In this case, the patient has a high pH (alkalosis) and low PaCO₂ (hypocapnia), indicating respiratory alkalosis. Rapid breathing leads to excessive CO₂ elimination, causing a decrease in PaCO₂ and subsequent alkalosis. Choice B (Respiratory acidosis) is incorrect as the PaCO₂ is low, not high. Choice C (Metabolic alkalosis) is incorrect as the primary disturbance is respiratory, not metabolic. Choice D (Metabolic acidosis) is incorrect as the pH is elevated, not decreased.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with hyperparathyroidism presents with lethargy and bone pain. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypercalcemia. In hyperparathyroidism, there is excess parathyroid hormone leading to increased calcium levels in the blood. This results in symptoms like lethargy and bone pain. Hypocalcemia (A) is incorrect as it is the opposite of what occurs in hyperparathyroidism. Hyperkalemia (C) and Hyponatremia (D) are less likely as they are not typically associated with hyperparathyroidism. Hypercalcemia is the most common electrolyte imbalance seen in hyperparathyroidism due to increased bone resorption and calcium release.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse assessing a patient with vomiting and diarrhea observes that the urine is scant and concentrated. Which controlling factor is responsible for compensatory reabsorption of water?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Antidiuretic hormone in the posterior pituitary. When the body detects dehydration due to vomiting and diarrhea, it releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to promote water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to concentrated urine. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect changes in blood osmolality, not directly related to compensatory reabsorption of water in this scenario. Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus monitor blood pressure changes, not directly involved in compensatory reabsorption of water. Insulin from the pancreas controls blood glucose levels and is not related to water reabsorption in response to dehydration.
Question 4 of 5
While the nurse is washing the face of a patient in renal failure, the patient demonstrates a spasm of the lips and face. Which laboratory value corresponds with the nurse's assessment findings?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Calcium of 7.9 mg/dL. In renal failure, there is a disruption in calcium-phosphate balance leading to hypocalcemia. A low calcium level can cause muscle spasms, including facial muscles. Potassium (Choice A) imbalance typically presents with cardiac symptoms. Sodium (Choice C) imbalance may lead to neurological symptoms. Phosphorus (Choice D) imbalance is associated with bone and muscle weakness, not spasms.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a young patient with asthma. Which activity should the nurse encourage in order to help prevent respiratory acidosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Deep-breathing exercises help improve lung function and prevent respiratory acidosis by promoting proper oxygen exchange. This activity can prevent the buildup of carbon dioxide in the lungs, which can lead to respiratory acidosis. Options B, C, and D do not directly address respiratory function and would not be as effective in preventing respiratory acidosis. Drinking fluids, ambulating, or sleeping with the head of the bed elevated can be beneficial for overall health but may not specifically target the prevention of respiratory acidosis in a patient with asthma.