A patient with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is receiving IV gentamycin, but the clinical response is not satisfactory. If penicillin is administered in a separate IV line to avoid physical interaction, which of the following will occur?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Penicillin (e.g., piperacillin) synergizes with gentamicin against Pseudomonas by disrupting the cell wall, enhancing aminoglycoside uptake.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Neomycin reduces gut ammonia-producing bacteria, treating hepatic encephalopathy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Gentamicin, amphotericin, vancomycin, and imipenem are all nephrotoxic, affecting kidneys via different mechanisms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cefoxitin (cephalosporin) inhibits cell wall synthesis and is effective against anaerobes. Clindamycin targets protein synthesis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Clindamycin causes C. difficile colitis; metronidazole and vancomycin treat it, and cholestyramine binds toxins.