ATI RN
foundation of nursing questions Questions
Question 1 of 9
A patient with a new diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is overwhelmed by his diagnosis and the known complications of the disease. How can the patient best make known his wishes for care as his disease progresses?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prepare an advance directive. This allows the patient to document their healthcare preferences in advance, ensuring their wishes are known and honored as the disease progresses. It provides clear instructions for healthcare providers and family members, reducing potential conflicts and ensuring the patient's autonomy is respected. Choice B is incorrect as designating an MRP focuses on medical decision-making but may not capture the full range of the patient's care preferences. Choice C involves collaboration with an organization, which may not fully represent the patient's individual wishes. Choice D is incorrect as witnesses are not always necessary for providing instructions, and the presence of witnesses does not guarantee that the patient's wishes will be followed accurately.
Question 2 of 9
A nurse is caring for a teenage girl who has had an anaphylactic reaction after a bee sting. The nurse is providing patient teaching prior to the patients discharge. In the event of an anaphylactic reaction, the nurse informs the patient that she should self-administer epinephrine in what site?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thigh. When administering epinephrine during an anaphylactic reaction, the thigh is the recommended site due to its large muscle mass and quick absorption rate. Steps: 1. Remove safety cap. 2. Firmly push the auto-injector against the thigh until it clicks. 3. Hold in place for a few seconds. 4. Seek medical help immediately. Rationale for incorrect choices: A: Forearm - Not recommended due to smaller muscle mass and slower absorption. C: Deltoid muscle - Not preferred as it may not provide as rapid absorption as the thigh. D: Abdomen - Not ideal due to potential fat layers that could affect absorption speed.
Question 3 of 9
A nurse is addressing the incidence and prevalence of HIV infection among older adults. What principle should guide the nurses choice of educational interventions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it addresses the key issue of perception of risk among older adults. Many older adults may not perceive themselves as being at risk for HIV infection due to misconceptions or lack of awareness. This principle guides the nurse to tailor educational interventions to address this specific barrier. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly address the perception of risk among older adults. Older adults' awareness of HIV/AIDS, number of sex partners, or incidence of intravenous drug use are not the primary factors influencing their perception of HIV risk.
Question 4 of 9
What should the nurse recognize as evidence that the patient is recovering from preeclampsia?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Increased urine output indicates improved kidney function, a key indicator of recovery from preeclampsia. Step 2: Adequate urine output helps regulate blood pressure and reduce swelling. Step 3: Consistent urine output >100 mL/hour signifies the kidneys are functioning properly. Step 4: Therefore, C is the correct answer as it directly reflects recovery progress from preeclampsia. Summary: A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not directly correlate with kidney function or recovery from preeclampsia.
Question 5 of 9
A placenta previa when the placental edge just reaches the internal os is called
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, marginal. Placenta previa is classified based on the proximity of the placental edge to the internal os. In a marginal placenta previa, the placental edge just reaches the internal os. This is a crucial distinction as it poses a higher risk for bleeding during labor. Total placenta previa covers the entire internal os, partial placenta previa partially covers the internal os, and low-lying placenta is when the placenta is close to but not covering the internal os. Therefore, D is correct as it accurately describes the specific position of the placenta edge in relation to the internal os in cases of marginal placenta previa.
Question 6 of 9
A male patient presents at the free clinic with complaints of impotency. Upon physical examination, the nurse practitioner notes the presence of hypogonadism. What diagnosis should the nurse suspect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Prolactinoma. Hypogonadism is often associated with decreased testosterone levels, which can be caused by excessive prolactin secretion from a prolactinoma. Prolactin inhibits the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), leading to decreased production of testosterone. Angioma, glioma, and ACTH-producing adenoma are not typically associated with hypogonadism. Angiomas are benign tumors of blood vessels, gliomas are tumors of the brain or spinal cord, and ACTH-producing adenomas are associated with Cushing's disease, not hypogonadism.
Question 7 of 9
A medical nurse is providing end-of-life care for a patient with metastatic bone cancer. The nurse notes that the patient has been receiving oral analgesics for her pain with adequate effect, but is now having difficulty swallowing the medication. What should the nurse do?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Requesting the physician to order analgesics by an alternative route is the correct choice as the patient is having difficulty swallowing the medication. 2. Alternative routes could include subcutaneous, intravenous, transdermal, or rectal routes to ensure the patient receives adequate pain relief. 3. Crushing the medication (choice B) may alter the absorption rate and effectiveness of the medication. 4. Administering the medication with the meal tray (choice C) may not address the swallowing issue and could lead to inadequate pain relief. 5. Administering the medication rectally (choice D) is not ideal as it may not be the most appropriate route for analgesics in this situation.
Question 8 of 9
When planning discharge teaching with a patient who has undergone a total mastectomy with axillary dissection, the nurse knows to instruct the patient that she should report what sign or symptom to the physician immediately?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sudden cessation of output from the drainage device. This is crucial because it can indicate a potential complication like a blocked drain or infection, requiring immediate medical attention to prevent further issues. Other choices like fatigue (A) are common after surgery but not urgent. Temperature elevation (B) may indicate infection but is not as critical as sudden cessation of drainage. Gradual decline in output (D) is expected as the drainage decreases over time, so it doesn't require immediate reporting.
Question 9 of 9
The nurse is preparing to insert a nasogastric tube in a patient who is semiconscious. To determine the length of the tube needed to be inserted, how should the nurse measure the tube?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): To determine the correct length of the nasogastric tube needed to be inserted, the nurse should measure from the tip of the earlobe to the nose and then to the xiphoid process. This method ensures that the tube reaches the stomach without coiling in the esophagus or being inserted too far down. The distance from the earlobe to the nose approximates the distance from the nose to the stomach, and measuring to the xiphoid process ensures proper placement. This technique minimizes the risk of complications such as aspiration or misplacement. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Measuring from the tip of the nose to the earlobe is incorrect because it does not take into account the distance to the stomach. B: Measuring from the tip of the earlobe to the xiphoid process alone is incorrect because it does not consider the distance through the nasal passage. D: Measuring from the tip of the nose to the earlobe to