A patient with a history of venous thromboembolism is prescribed hormone replacement therapy (HRT). What should the nurse discuss with the patient regarding the risks of HRT?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is indeed associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Therefore, patients should be educated about the signs and symptoms of blood clots and advised to seek immediate medical attention if they occur. Choice B is incorrect because although HRT may decrease the risk of osteoporosis, the focus of concern in this case is the increased risk of venous thromboembolism. Choice C is incorrect as it mentions the risk of breast cancer, which is not the primary concern when discussing HRT with a patient with a history of venous thromboembolism. Choice D is also incorrect as it mentions cardiovascular events, which are not the main focus of risk associated with HRT in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Testosterone therapy is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the patient for cardiovascular complications. While monitoring liver function tests (choice B) and bone density (choice D) may be important in some cases, the primary concern during testosterone therapy is the risk of cardiovascular events. Prostate cancer screenings (choice C) are not directly related to testosterone therapy's adverse effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Tamoxifen may increase the risk of venous thromboembolism." It is crucial for patients to be aware of the signs and symptoms of blood clots while taking tamoxifen. Choice B is incorrect because hot flashes and menopausal symptoms are common side effects of tamoxifen, but they are not the key point to emphasize. Choice C is incorrect as weight gain and fluid retention are potential side effects of tamoxifen but not the key point for patient education. Choice D is incorrect as tamoxifen does not decrease the risk of osteoporosis; in fact, it may increase the risk of bone loss.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) HRT is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including heart attack and stroke. This is a crucial point for the nurse to emphasize because hormone replacement therapy (HRT), particularly estrogen-progestin therapy, has been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular events in women, especially those with a history of cardiovascular disease. Option B) stating that HRT may decrease the risk of osteoporosis is incorrect in this context because while HRT can help prevent osteoporosis by maintaining bone density, the focus of the question is on the long-term risks associated with HRT in patients with cardiovascular disease. Option C) suggesting that HRT may improve mood and energy levels is also incorrect for this question as it does not address the specific long-term risks associated with HRT in patients with cardiovascular disease. Option D) stating that HRT may increase the risk of breast cancer is a common concern with HRT, but in this case, the emphasis is on cardiovascular risks in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease. Educationally, understanding the risks and benefits of HRT is crucial for nurses caring for patients, especially those with pre-existing conditions. It is essential to provide accurate information to patients to support informed decision-making and ensure their safety and well-being. Nurses play a vital role in patient education and advocacy in medication management, emphasizing potential risks such as cardiovascular events with HRT in this case.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased risk of cardiovascular events. Testosterone therapy can lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes. This is why nurses should monitor for signs and symptoms of cardiovascular issues during therapy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because testosterone therapy is not typically associated with an increased risk of liver dysfunction, prostate cancer, or bone fractures. It is crucial for nurses to prioritize cardiovascular monitoring in patients receiving testosterone therapy.