A patient with a history of pulmonary embolism asks how to lower the risk of experiencing another pulmonary embolism. You respond by saying

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of a patient with a history of pulmonary embolism, the correct answer is C) Avoid sitting and standing for too long and do not cross your legs. This is the most appropriate response because prolonged sitting or standing can lead to blood pooling in the legs, increasing the risk of clot formation and subsequent pulmonary embolism. By avoiding prolonged periods of immobility and not crossing the legs, the patient can help prevent the development of new blood clots. Option A) Take vitamin K with heparin is incorrect because vitamin K can actually promote blood clotting, which would be counterproductive in this situation. Option B) Avoid confined spaces is not directly related to preventing pulmonary embolism and does not address the underlying risk factors. Option D) Jog 5 miles each day may not be suitable for all patients, especially those with a history of pulmonary embolism, as excessive physical activity can sometimes increase the risk of clot formation. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare providers to understand the importance of educating patients on preventive measures for conditions such as pulmonary embolism. By explaining the rationale behind the correct answer, healthcare professionals can empower patients to take an active role in managing their health and reducing their risk of complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In teaching Mary about managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), selecting option D, "All of the above," is the most comprehensive approach. Option A, advising Mary to avoid caffeine-containing beverages, is crucial as caffeine can trigger acid reflux and worsen GERD symptoms. Option B, recommending histamine 2 blockers like ranitidine, is important for reducing stomach acid production and providing relief from GERD symptoms. Option C, suggesting Mary avoid acidic foods, is essential as these can irritate the esophagus and exacerbate reflux. Educationally, it is vital for Mary to understand that a multi-faceted approach, including dietary modifications, medication adherence, and lifestyle changes, is necessary to effectively manage GERD. By following all the recommendations (options A, B, and C), Mary can better control her symptoms and improve her quality of life. It is crucial for healthcare providers to emphasize the holistic nature of managing chronic conditions like GERD to empower patients in their self-care strategies.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of caring for a patient with osteomyelitis, the correct answer, D) All of the above, is the most comprehensive option for discharge teaching. A) The importance of multiple-week treatment with antibiotics is crucial as osteomyelitis often requires a prolonged course of antibiotics to fully eradicate the infection. This ensures patient compliance and effective treatment. B) Teaching about the side effects and interactions of medications is essential for patient safety and adherence to the prescribed treatment plan. Patients need to be aware of potential adverse effects and drug interactions to report them promptly. C) Educating the patient on symptoms that necessitate contacting healthcare providers is vital for early detection of complications or worsening infection. This empowers the patient to seek timely medical intervention, which is crucial in managing osteomyelitis effectively. The incorrect options lack the comprehensive approach needed for a patient with osteomyelitis. Option A and B focus on specific aspects but do not cover all essential areas of discharge teaching. Option C is important but alone is not sufficient for comprehensive patient education. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of thorough discharge teaching for patients with complex conditions like osteomyelitis. It emphasizes the need for holistic patient education to ensure optimal outcomes and patient safety post-discharge.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the treatment of pernicious anemia, the correct option is C) Parenteral vitamin B12. Pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency in intrinsic factor, a protein necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the gastrointestinal tract. Oral administration of vitamin B12 is ineffective in these cases due to the lack of intrinsic factor. Therefore, parenteral administration (intramuscular injection) of vitamin B12 is the preferred route of administration for patients with pernicious anemia. Option A) Oral iron is incorrect because pernicious anemia is not caused by an iron deficiency, but rather a vitamin B12 deficiency. Option B) Oral folic acid is also incorrect as folic acid supplementation is not the primary treatment for pernicious anemia. Option D) Oral prednisone is not indicated in the treatment of pernicious anemia. Educationally, understanding the specific treatment approach for pernicious anemia is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to effectively manage patients with this condition. It is essential to differentiate between various types of anemia and tailor treatment based on the underlying cause to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, pain is typically experienced with activity. This is because the inflammation in the joints is aggravated by movement, leading to increased pain during physical exertion. The correct answer, option A, aligns with the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis where joint inflammation is triggered by movement and use of the affected joints. Option B, stating that pain is only upon awakening, is incorrect because rheumatoid arthritis pain is not limited to a specific time of day. Option C, suggesting pain late in the evening, is also incorrect as the pain experienced in rheumatoid arthritis is not restricted to a particular time but is more related to activity levels. Option D, stating that pain is present all day without remission, is too generalized and does not accurately reflect the characteristic pattern of pain in rheumatoid arthritis. In an educational context, understanding the patterns of pain in rheumatoid arthritis is crucial for healthcare providers to effectively manage and support patients with this condition. Educating patients about how their pain is related to activity can help them make informed decisions about managing their symptoms and improving their quality of life. It is essential for nurses and other healthcare professionals to have a comprehensive understanding of rheumatoid arthritis to provide holistic care to patients with this chronic condition.