A patient with a history of Hodgkin lymphoma presents with fever, chills, and generalized malaise. Laboratory tests reveal pancytopenia, circulating Reed-Sternberg cells, and bone marrow involvement. Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause these findings?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The patient is presenting with symptoms and laboratory findings consistent with a paraneoplastic syndrome related to Hodgkin lymphoma. In this case, the fever, chills, generalized malaise, pancytopenia, circulating Reed-Sternberg cells, and bone marrow involvement are all indicative of a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with Hodgkin lymphoma. Paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of disorders that are triggered by an abnormal immune response to a neoplasm, such as Hodgkin lymphoma, leading to various systemic manifestations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattentiveness, overactivity, and impulsiveness. Individuals with ADHD may have difficulty paying attention, completing tasks, sitting still, or controlling their impulses. Mental retardation (now referred to as intellectual disability) is a separate condition characterized by limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors. While individuals with ADHD may experience difficulties in school or work due to their symptoms, ADHD itself does not indicate mental retardation.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The first standard step in oxygen therapy that the nurse should do is to assess the client's condition. Before initiating any oxygen treatment, it is essential to assess the client's respiratory status, oxygen saturation levels, vital signs, and overall condition. This initial assessment helps the nurse to determine the appropriate course of oxygen therapy based on the client's individual needs and current health status. Assessing the client's condition first ensures that the oxygen therapy provided is safe and effective for the specific needs of the client.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct nursing intervention for Almira would be to advise her to eat her meals. This is important in promoting her health and well-being, especially if she has been neglecting her own nutrition due to stress or caring for her son, Jay. Providing proper nutrition is a basic aspect of nursing care that supports the overall health and recovery of the patient. By encouraging Almira to prioritize her own nutrition, the nurse can help ensure that she has the physical strength and energy needed to take care of herself and her son effectively.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Endometriosis is a condition characterized by the abnormal growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. One common symptom of endometriosis is excessive menstrual bleeding, known as menorrhagia. This excessive bleeding is due to the presence of endometrial tissue in abnormal locations, leading to inflammation, scarring, and blood accumulation. In severe cases, endometriosis can lead to the formation of adhesions, cysts, and scar tissue, causing significant pain and fertility issues for affected individuals. Endometrial hyperplasia, leiomyomas (uterine fibroids), and adenomyosis are other gynecological conditions, but they do not involve the abnormal proliferation of endometrial tissue outside the uterus like endometriosis does.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: An elevation of blood pressure would warrant stoppage of pills. High blood pressure, or hypertension, in a 4-year-old child is abnormal and needs prompt medical attention. Giving pills without monitoring or stopping them if blood pressure is elevated can lead to serious health complications. It is important to address the underlying cause of high blood pressure in a child, which may require further evaluation and management by a healthcare provider.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse's best approach to address the patient's confusion about their medication regimen is to use a teach-back method to assess understanding and clarify any misconceptions. This method involves the nurse asking the patient to explain in their own words how they will take their medications, what each medication is for, and any potential side effects they should watch for. By using the teach-back method, the nurse can confirm the patient's comprehension and correct any misunderstandings in a supportive and non-judgmental manner. This approach promotes patient education, empowerment, and adherence to the medication regimen. Providing written instructions alone (Choice A) may not be sufficient if the patient has difficulty reading or understanding written information. Explaining the medication regimen using complex medical terminology (Choice B) can further confuse the patient, making it harder for them to grasp the information. Dismissing the patient's concerns and reassuring them that the medication is safe (Choice D) does not address the root of the issue and

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The pancreas is the structure responsible for producing digestive enzymes and bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice. These enzymes aid in the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine to facilitate the absorption of nutrients. The pancreas plays a crucial role in the process of digestion, making it an essential organ in the digestive system. The liver is primarily involved in producing bile to aid in the digestion of fats, the gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver, and the spleen is involved in filtering the blood and storing blood cells.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition that requires prompt medical intervention. The presence of calf pain, swelling, and warmth in a postpartum client are concerning signs of a potential DVT. By notifying the healthcare provider immediately, appropriate diagnostic tests, such as ultrasound imaging, can be ordered to confirm the diagnosis. Timely treatment with anticoagulant medication can then be initiated to prevent complications such as pulmonary embolism. Applying warm compresses or encouraging ambulation may exacerbate the condition by promoting clot dislodgement, making immediate notification of the healthcare provider the most appropriate nursing action in this situation.