A patient with a history of heart failure is prescribed spironolactone. Which electrolyte imbalance is the patient at risk for developing with spironolactone therapy?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic commonly used in the management of heart failure. One of the significant side effects of spironolactone is hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the bloodstream. Spironolactone works by blocking the action of aldosterone, a hormone that regulates potassium and sodium balance in the body. By inhibiting aldosterone, spironolactone reduces potassium excretion in the urine, leading to potential accumulation of potassium in the body.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sexual dysfunctions like impotence, erectile dysfunction, and lack of libido are common complications following prostatic surgery. Among the options provided, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is associated with a higher risk of these sexual dysfunctions. This is because during TURP, the surgical procedure may damage nerves and blood vessels that are crucial for sexual function, leading to impotence, erectile dysfunction, and decreased libido postoperatively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The nurse's priority action when noticing a malfunctioning anesthesia machine in the operating room should be to inform the anesthesia provider immediately. Anesthesia providers are responsible for administering anesthesia safely during surgical procedures, and they need to be made aware of any equipment issues promptly to ensure patient safety. Continuing with the surgical procedure using a malfunctioning anesthesia machine can pose serious risks to the patient's well-being. Using an alternative anesthesia machine may be an option, but informing the anesthesia provider first ensures that the appropriate action is taken to address the issue effectively. Documenting the malfunction in the equipment log is important for record-keeping purposes, but it should not take precedence over informing the anesthesia provider and taking immediate action to address the problem.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Opioid analgesics are known to suppress the respiratory centers in the brain, leading to respiratory depression as a side effect. This adverse effect is particularly dangerous and potentially life-threatening, especially in patients who are opioid-naive or when high doses are administered. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to closely monitor the patient's respiratory rate, depth, and effort while on opioid analgesic therapy to detect early signs of respiratory depression and intervene promptly to prevent complications. Hypertension, hypoglycemia, and hyperkalemia are not commonly associated with opioid analgesics.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The best way for Myra to collect data from these participants is through a survey or questionnaire. Surveys and questionnaires are structured instruments that allow for the systematic collection of data from a large number of participants efficiently. They can be easily distributed and completed by participants, making them a convenient method for gathering information. Surveys and questionnaires also provide a standardized approach to data collection, ensuring consistency in the responses obtained. Additionally, they can be designed to include both closed-ended and open-ended questions, allowing for a comprehensive understanding of the participants' perspectives and experiences. Overall, using a survey or questionnaire would enable Myra to collect data from the participants in a systematic and efficient manner.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A nurse should have a sense of accountability for his actions. This means taking responsibility for one's decisions and behaviors while working in the healthcare setting. Accountability ensures that the nurse is aware of the consequences of his actions and is willing to accept ownership and follow through on commitments. It is a critical aspect of nursing practice as it helps maintain professional standards, promote patient safety, and uphold trust and integrity within the profession. Nurses are entrusted with the well-being of their patients, so being accountable for their actions is essential in providing high-quality care and maintaining ethical standards.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Family support is a crucial consideration when planning the care of the elderly. The availability of family members to provide emotional support, assistance with daily activities, and decision-making can greatly impact the overall well-being of the elderly individual. Family support can help reduce feelings of isolation, ensure that the elderly person's needs are being met, and provide a sense of security and comfort. Additionally, involving family members in the care planning process can help create a collaborative and comprehensive care approach that considers the preferences and values of the elderly person. Considering the level of family support is essential for creating a care plan that meets the unique needs and circumstances of each elderly individual.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the grading system used for edema, +1 indicates no visible edema in the leg, +2 indicates slight edema with indentations that quickly resolve, +3 indicates moderate edema with deeper indentations that may take longer to resolve, and +4 indicates severe edema with very swollen legs. In this case, since the edema is described as slightly swollen, the appropriate grade to document would be +2.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The statement "all employees are lazy " is not a correct assertion. It is a generalization that is unfair to make about all employees. It is incorrect to assume that all employees are lazy based on the failure of a certain staff member to monitor the fire extinguisher. Making blanket statements like this can lead to further misunderstandings and negativity in the workplace. The focus should be on individual accountability, proper training, and clear communication to ensure that tasks are being diligently carried out.