ATI RN
Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers Questions
Question 1 of 9
A patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer. Which instruction should the nurse include in the demonstration of MDI use?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction for using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with a spacer for a patient with COPD is to inhale slowly and deeply while pressing the canister. This technique helps ensure that the medication reaches the lungs effectively. Inhaling slowly and deeply allows the medication to be properly delivered to the airways, maximizing its effectiveness in treating the symptoms of COPD. This instruction helps the patient coordinate pressing the canister with their inhalation, which is crucial for proper medication delivery in COPD management.
Question 2 of 9
The nurse suspects that a client has multiple myeloma based on the client's major presenting symptom and the analysis of laboratory results. What classic manifestation for multiple myeloma does the nurse assess for?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bone pain in the back of the ribs is a classic manifestation of multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that primarily affects plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to weakened bones and bone pain. Patients with multiple myeloma often experience bone pain in areas such as the ribs, spine, and pelvis. The bone pain is typically persistent and worsens with movement or pressure. Additionally, other common symptoms of multiple myeloma include anemia, kidney damage, recurrent infections, and elevated calcium levels in the blood.
Question 3 of 9
A patient with chronic kidney disease presents with metabolic acidosis. Which compensatory mechanism is the body most likely to employ to normalize pH?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a patient with chronic kidney disease presenting with metabolic acidosis, the compensatory mechanism the body is most likely to employ to normalize pH is increased bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining acid-base balance by regulating bicarbonate levels in the blood. In metabolic acidosis, there is an excess of non-volatile acids in the body, leading to a decrease in blood pH. To compensate for this acidosis, the kidneys increase the reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate ions from the renal tubules back into the blood. This process helps to raise the bicarbonate levels in the blood, which in turn helps to neutralize excess hydrogen ions and restore the blood pH towards normal levels. Hyperventilation (A) is a compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis, not metabolic acidosis. Increased renal excretion of hydrogen ions (C) and decreased renal excretion of bicarbonate ions
Question 4 of 9
The nurse is aware that the proper management of poisoning includes the following EXCEPT to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemoperfusion is not a standard management technique for poisoning. The other options are commonly used methods in managing poisoning cases.
Question 5 of 9
"Commitment to continual learning and active participation in the development and growth of the profession are commendable obligations" is contained in which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The statement "Commitment to continual learning and active participation in the development and growth of the profession are commendable obligations" is typically found in a profession's Code of Ethics rather than specific laws or regulations like RA 7164, RA 10912, or RA 9173. Codes of Ethics serve as guidelines for professionals to uphold ethical standards and behavior within their respective fields. These codes often emphasize the importance of ongoing learning and professional development to ensure that practitioners stay current and competent in their practice. Therefore, the statement is most likely to be part of a Code of Ethics that guides professionals in their conduct and responsibilities.
Question 6 of 9
The type of incontinence Patient Tita manifests, where there is involuntary loss of urine as a result of sneezing, coughing or even changing position is called ________.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The type of incontinence that Patient Tita is demonstrating, with involuntary loss of urine occurring as a result of activities such as sneezing, coughing, or changing position, is known as stress incontinence. Stress incontinence occurs when there is increased pressure on the bladder, causing the sphincter muscles to weaken and leading to urine leakage. Activities that physically stress or put pressure on the bladder, such as the ones mentioned, can trigger episodes of stress incontinence.
Question 7 of 9
Upon admission for an appendectomy, the patient provides the nurse with a document that specifies instructions his healthcare team should follow in the event he is unable to communicate these wishes postoperatively. This document is best known as a/an:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An advance directive is a legal document that specifies a person's healthcare preferences and instructions for medical treatment in the event they are unable to communicate their wishes. It typically includes decisions about life-sustaining treatments, resuscitation, and end-of-life care. In the scenario provided, the document provided by the patient to the nurse outlining his healthcare team's instructions postoperatively indicates that he has an advance directive in place to guide his medical care if necessary. In contrast, informed consent is a process in which a patient gives permission for medical treatment after being informed about the risks, benefits, and alternatives. Patient's Bill of Rights outlines the patient's rights within the healthcare system, and an insurance card provides information about the patient's insurance coverage.
Question 8 of 9
A patient presents with muscle weakness, fatigue, constipation, and hyperpigmentation of the skin. Laboratory tests reveal low serum cortisol levels and elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The symptoms described - muscle weakness, fatigue, constipation, hyperpigmentation of the skin, low serum cortisol levels, and elevated ACTH levels - are classic findings in Addison's disease. Addison's disease is a primary adrenal insufficiency characterized by the insufficient production of cortisol and, to some extent, aldosterone. The low cortisol levels result in symptoms such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and skin hyperpigmentation due to increased levels of ACTH stimulating melanin production. In contrast, in conditions like hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and diabetes mellitus, the symptoms and laboratory findings would not fully align with those described in the patient in this scenario.
Question 9 of 9
A patient undergoing mechanical ventilation in the ICU develops ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's infection?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most appropriate intervention for managing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is to administer combination antibiotic therapy targeting the specific resistant pathogens identified in the patient's culture results. MDROs are often resistant to multiple antibiotics, so combination therapy is required to maximize the chances of effectively treating the infection. Identifying the specific pathogens causing the VAP through cultures is crucial in tailoring the antibiotic therapy to target these organisms effectively. Implementing appropriate antibiotic therapy promptly is essential to improve outcomes and prevent further complications in patients with VAP caused by MDROs. Option A is the priority intervention in this case to address the multidrug-resistant nature of the infection and provide targeted treatment for the patient.