ATI RN
Adult Health Nursing Study Guide Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prescribed ipratropium bromide inhaler. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the patient regarding ipratropium inhaler use?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the patient to hold their breath for at least 10 seconds after inhaling the medication from the ipratropium bromide inhaler. This allows the medication to reach deep into the lungs and be more effective. Holding the breath also helps reduce the risk of side effects such as throat irritation. It is essential for optimal drug delivery and therapeutic effect.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is prescribed warfarin therapy. Which instruction is essential for the nurse to include in patient education about warfarin therapy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is essential for the nurse to instruct the patient to "Report any unusual bleeding or bruising to your healthcare provider." Warfarin is a medication that works by decreasing the clotting ability of the blood. This can increase the risk of bleeding, so it is important for the patient to be vigilant for any signs of abnormal bleeding. Prompt reporting of any unusual bleeding or bruising allows healthcare providers to adjust the dosage of warfarin to maintain a balance between preventing blood clots and minimizing the risk of bleeding complications. This instruction emphasizes the importance of close monitoring and communication with healthcare providers while on warfarin therapy.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is prescribed a beta-blocker for the management of hypertension. Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Beta-blockers are a class of medications commonly used to manage hypertension. One of the main mechanisms of action of beta-blockers is to reduce heart rate and contractility by blocking the beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart. As a result, one of the potential adverse effects of beta-blockers is bradycardia, which refers to a slower than normal heart rate. Therefore, the nurse should closely monitor the patient for signs and symptoms of bradycardia when starting or adjusting the dose of a beta-blocker. Symptoms of bradycardia may include dizziness, fainting, fatigue, or shortness of breath. If bradycardia is severe or symptomatic, it may require dose adjustments or discontinuation of the beta-blocker to prevent complications.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is prescribed an anticoagulant for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Which laboratory parameter should the nurse monitor closely during anticoagulant therapy?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should monitor the International Normalized Ratio (INR) closely during anticoagulant therapy for the prevention of VTE. The INR measures the clotting ability of the blood and is used to monitor the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy, such as warfarin. Maintaining the INR within the target therapeutic range is crucial to prevent both excessive bleeding due to over-anticoagulation and clotting events due to under-anticoagulation. Close monitoring of the INR helps healthcare providers adjust the anticoagulant dosage as needed to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes and minimize risks. Platelet count, serum sodium levels, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) are important laboratory parameters to monitor for other medical conditions but are not specific to anticoagulant therapy.
Question 5 of 5
A patient is prescribed a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which adverse effect should the nurse monitor closely in the patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients prescribed proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for the treatment of GERD should be closely monitored for the development of osteoporosis. PPIs have been associated with an increased risk of developing osteoporotic fractures, particularly in long-term users. This risk is thought to be due to decreased calcium absorption as stomach acidity is reduced by PPIs, leading to potential alterations in bone metabolism and density. Therefore, it is important for healthcare providers to assess bone health, educate patients on calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and consider other risk factors for osteoporosis in individuals taking PPIs long-term. While hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, and Clostridium difficile infection may be seen as adverse effects with other medications or conditions, osteoporosis is the adverse effect most closely monitored in patients taking PPIs for GERD.