A patient with a history of chronic liver disease presents with jaundice, ascites, and spider angiomas. Laboratory tests reveal elevated serum bilirubin levels, prolonged prothrombin time, and hypoalbuminemia. Which condition is the patient most likely experiencing?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The patient's presentation of jaundice, ascites, spider angiomas, elevated serum bilirubin levels, prolonged prothrombin time, and hypoalbuminemia are all indicative of cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is a late stage of liver disease characterized by liver scarring and poor liver function. Jaundice, which is the yellowing of the skin and eyes due to elevated bilirubin levels, is a common manifestation of liver dysfunction seen in cirrhosis. Ascites, the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, is also a common complication of cirrhosis. Spider angiomas, which are small blood vessels near the skin's surface, are a result of altered blood flow in the liver due to cirrhosis. Prolonged prothrombin time and hypoalbuminemia are consequences of reduced liver synthesis function in cirrhosis. Hepatic encephalopathy and hepatorenal syndrome

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In preparing for a possible earthquake as part of Safe Practice Environment (SPE) standards, the QA team should prioritize attention on Electrical wires (I) and Combustible materials (II).

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A descriptive case study design is the most suitable approach when Nurse Carmi decides to make an in-depth study of only one subject of domestic violence. This design involves a comprehensive and detailed exploration of a single individual or a specific situation, allowing for an in-depth analysis of various aspects related to the subject. Since Nurse Carmi is focusing on studying only one subject, a case study design will enable her to gather detailed information, delve deep into the complexities of the individual's experiences, behaviors, and outcomes related to domestic violence. This design will provide a rich and holistic understanding of the single case being studied, offering valuable insights and potential implications for practice and intervention strategies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Implied consent is the type of consent that allows healthcare providers to assume appropriate medical treatment in emergency situations where a patient is unable to give consent. In these cases, it can be assumed that a reasonable person would consent to life-saving treatment if they were able to do so. Implied consent is based on the principle of necessity and prioritizes the patient's well-being when time is of the essence. It is crucial in emergency situations to act quickly to provide the necessary medical care to save a patient's life, even if they are unable to provide express consent at that moment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most appropriate action for a concerned nurse when nurses are projected as sex symbols in a television advertisement is to make a position paper to denounce the advertisement. This approach allows the nurse to voice their concerns in a formal and professional manner. By creating a position paper, the nurse can clearly outline why the portrayal is inappropriate and advocate for more respectful representations of nursing in the media. This action is constructive, proactive, and focuses on initiating change through advocacy and education. It is a thoughtful and strategic way to address the issue and raise awareness about the importance of respecting the nursing profession.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: When providing health education to a patient, using clear and simple language is an essential aspect of effective communication. Medical terminology can be confusing and overwhelming for individuals without a medical background. By using language that the patient can easily understand, you improve their comprehension of the information being conveyed. Speaking quickly or using complex terms can actually hinder communication and may lead to misunderstanding. Clear and simple language helps ensure that the patient fully grasps the information and can make informed decisions about their health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Gingivitis is a dental condition characterized by inflammation and bleeding of the gingival tissues. It is often caused by poor oral hygiene leading to the accumulation of bacterial plaque along the gumline. The plaque contains bacteria that release toxins, leading to inflammation of the gums. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more serious condition that affects the supporting structures of the teeth. Regular dental cleanings, proper oral hygiene practices, and professional treatment can help manage and prevent gingivitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The IR (Incident Report) typically focuses on the details surrounding an incident or event, such as what happened, who was/were involved, and who witnessed the incident. Information about daily medications given to the patient is not usually included in an incident report, unless it directly relates to the incident itself (e.g., medication error). The primary focus of an incident report is to document the incident in a clear and factual manner for record-keeping and analysis purposes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The principle of beneficence emphasizes the duty to do good and act in the best interest of others. By ensuring that all necessary supplies and medicines are available for the care of the community, Nurse Erica is practicing beneficence. She is fulfilling her obligation to promote the health and well-being of the community members by providing them with the resources they need for their care. This demonstrates her commitment to doing good and acting in a way that benefits those under her care, which aligns with the principle of beneficence in nursing practice.