ATI RN
Foundations and Adult Health Nursing Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 9
A patient with a history of chronic kidney disease is prescribed erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) for anemia management. Which parameter should the nurse monitor closely during ESA therapy?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a patient with chronic kidney disease is prescribed erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) for anemia management, the parameter that should be monitored closely by the nurse is the hemoglobin levels. Hemoglobin levels indicate the patient's response to ESA therapy and are essential in assessing the effectiveness of the treatment in addressing anemia. Monitoring hemoglobin levels helps ensure that the patient's anemia is controlled within the target range to avoid both the risks of under-treatment (resulting in persistent anemia) and over-treatment (increased risk of adverse outcomes such as hypertension, stroke, or cardiovascular events).
Question 2 of 9
Clients who are taught a variety of skills such as measuring blood glucose, taking blood pressure, changing dressings, and bathing infants belong to which domain of learning?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clients who are taught skills such as measuring blood glucose, taking blood pressure, changing dressings, and bathing infants are learning skills that involve physical movement and coordination. These activities require the integration of mental and physical skills, and they fall under the psychomotor domain of learning. In this domain, individuals develop physical skills and coordination through practice and repetition. The psychomotor domain is one of the three domains of learning, along with the cognitive domain (which involves knowledge and intellectual skills) and the affective domain (which involves emotions, values, and attitudes).
Question 3 of 9
A patient presents with progressive weakness, muscle atrophy, and fasciculations, primarily involving the upper and lower extremities. Over time, the patient develops difficulty swallowing and breathing. Which of the following neurological conditions is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The symptoms described are classic for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy. Patients typically present with weakness, muscle atrophy, fasciculations (muscle twitching), and eventually develop difficulty swallowing and breathing due to involvement of the muscles responsible for these functions. Parkinson's disease (Choice A) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia but does not typically present with muscle atrophy or fasciculations as described in the case. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) (Choice B) is an acute inflammatory condition affecting peripheral nerves, leading to ascending paralysis, which is usually reversible. Myasthenia gravis (Choice D) is an autoimmune disorder that affects neu
Question 4 of 9
No drugs cure this condition. Emphasis is put on delaying the onset of severe symptoms. Which of the following does NOT help improve Alzheimer's?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Smoking is a harmful habit that is known to contribute to a variety of health problems, including heart disease, lung disease, and cancer. Smoking does not provide any benefits for Alzheimer's patients and, in fact, can worsen the condition due to its negative impact on overall health. Therefore, smoking does not help improve Alzheimer's and may exacerbate the symptoms and complications associated with the disease.
Question 5 of 9
A patient presents with a sensation of fullness and pressure in the left ear, along with hearing loss and occasional tinnitus. Otoscopic examination reveals a retracted tympanic membrane with decreased mobility on pneumatic otoscopy. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The presentation described in the question (sensation of fullness and pressure in the left ear, hearing loss, occasional tinnitus, retracted tympanic membrane with decreased mobility on pneumatic otoscopy) is suggestive of serous otitis media, also known as otitis media with effusion. Serous otitis media occurs when fluid accumulates in the middle ear without signs of infection. This buildup of fluid in the middle ear space can cause the tympanic membrane to retract and reduce its mobility on pneumatic otoscopy.
Question 6 of 9
Nurses are taught as students that the ideal and PROPER time for recording vital signs and notes on the patient is __________.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is essential for nurses to record vital signs and notes on a patient as soon as they obtain them. This allows for accurate and timely documentation of crucial information related to the patient's health status. By recording the information promptly, nurses can ensure that they do not forget important details and can provide effective care based on accurate data. Waiting for lunch break or after completing other tasks can lead to delays in documentation, which may compromise patient care and safety. Therefore, the ideal and proper time for recording vital signs and notes is immediately after obtaining them.
Question 7 of 9
A patient presents with fever, chills, headache, and myalgia after returning from a trip to sub-Saharan Africa. Laboratory tests reveal intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites on blood smear examination. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation of fever, chills, headache, and myalgia following a trip to sub-Saharan Africa is highly suggestive of malaria, which is caused by the Plasmodium species. Specifically, the presence of intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites on blood smear examination points towards Plasmodium falciparum as the most likely causative agent.
Question 8 of 9
The PRC-Board of Nursing (PR-BON) has the power to regulate Nursing Practice in the Philippines. The regulatory functions include the following except
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Philippine Regulatory Commission - Board of Nursing (PRC-BON) has the power to regulate nursing practice in the Philippines.
Question 9 of 9
Charting are important documents that are used in court proceedings a Nurse Chona should take note that the following entry recorded would be MOST defensible in court?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Of the options provided, documenting objective, observable findings such as large bruises on the thigh upon assessment is the most defensible entry in court. This type of entry is based on the nurse's direct observation and assessment of the patient's physical condition, which can be corroborated by other healthcare providers or evidence. It provides clear, factual information without making assumptions or subjective judgments. In court, this type of documentation can help support the nurse's credibility and reliability as a witness.