A patient with a history of chronic kidney disease is prescribed a low-protein diet. Which dietary choice indicates understanding of the prescribed diet?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A patient with chronic kidney disease prescribed a low-protein diet should avoid high-protein foods like grilled salmon, lentil soup, and beef stew. Chicken Caesar salad, on the other hand, typically contains a smaller amount of protein compared to the other options. This choice indicates an understanding of the need to limit protein intake while still enjoying a balanced meal. However, it is important to note that the quantity and portion sizes of high-protein ingredients in the salad should also be moderate to comply with a low-protein diet.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Persistent, severe abdominal pain, tenderness, and rigidity in a postpartum client can be indicative of serious conditions such as uterine rupture, hemorrhage, or infection, which require urgent medical attention. As a nurse, the priority action in this situation is to notify the healthcare provider immediately so that appropriate interventions can be initiated promptly to ensure the safety and well-being of the client. Administering analgesics or providing emotional support may not address the underlying cause of the symptoms and could potentially delay necessary medical treatment. Assisting the client to a comfortable position can be considered once the healthcare provider has been informed and appropriate assessments and interventions have been initiated.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In terms of social support therapy for a patient with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), the most appropriate and therapeutic option would be for the patient to live in the community with appropriate support, either independently or in a supervised setting. This approach allows the individual to maintain a sense of autonomy and independence while still having access to necessary support and care as needed. Living in the community promotes social interaction, engagement, and a sense of normalcy, which can contribute positively to the patient's mental well-being and overall quality of life. This approach also aligns with the principles of person-centered care, focusing on the individual's preferences, needs, and autonomy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Vestibular neuritis is a condition characterized by the acute onset of severe vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and nystagmus. These symptoms are typically worsened by head movement. Vestibular neuritis is caused by inflammation of the vestibular nerve, which plays a key role in balance and spatial orientation. The classic presentation of these symptoms, along with the absence of hearing loss (which is seen in labyrinthitis), points towards vestibular neuritis as the most likely cause in this scenario. Meniere's disease presents with recurrent episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and sensation of fullness in the ear. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is characterized by brief episodes of vertigo triggered by changes in head position.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A discectomy is a surgical procedure commonly performed to decompress the nerve root by removing a portion of the herniated disc that is pressing on the nerve. In cases of herniated discs causing radicular symptoms (such as pain radiating down the leg), a discectomy can help alleviate the compression on the nerve, reduce symptoms, and improve the patient's condition. This procedure involves removing the portion of the disc that is herniated or bulging out to relieve pressure on the nerve root, allowing for improved function and reduced pain. Spinal fusion, laminectomy, and foraminotomy are other surgical procedures that are not typically performed for the direct decompression of the nerve root in cases of herniated discs at a specific level like the L5-S1 level.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The scenario described, including cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, retroverted uterus, and a nodular mass behind the uterus, is most indicative of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a gynecological condition in which tissue similar to the endometrium (the tissue that lines the uterus) is found outside the uterus, typically on structures within the pelvis. The presence of endometrial tissue in abnormal locations can lead to symptoms such as pelvic pain, especially during menstruation (dysmenorrhea), painful intercourse (dyspareunia), and the formation of nodular masses (endometriomas) that can be felt on pelvic examination. It is important to note that while adenomyosis and uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) can also cause pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea, the specific findings of retroverted uterus and palpable nodular mass behind

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Placing a patient in restraints before utilizing other less restrictive interventions violates the patient's right to receive treatment in the least restrictive environment. Restraints should be used as a last resort when all other options have been exhausted, as they can be restrictive to the patient's movement and freedom. Patients have the right to be treated in a manner that minimizes limitations on their personal freedom and autonomy. Restraints should only be utilized when absolutely necessary for the safety of the patient or others.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite often found in contaminated water sources. This parasite is known to cause watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea in infected individuals. The presence of oocysts in the stool sample is characteristic of Cryptosporidium infection. Other parasitic infections may present with similar symptoms, but in this case, the most likely culprit based on the exposure history and laboratory findings is Cryptosporidium parvum.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland, which is non-cancerous. This enlargement can lead to lower urinary tract symptoms such as urinary hesitancy (difficulty starting the urine stream), weak urinary stream, incomplete bladder emptying, frequent urination, urgency, and nocturia. BPH is a common condition in aging men and is not usually associated with prostate cancer. Other conditions like prostate cancer, prostatitis, and prostate adenoma may present with similar symptoms, but BPH is specifically characterized by the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. Treatment for BPH may include medications to improve symptoms or surgical procedures to reduce the size of the prostate gland.