A patient with a history of asthma says, "I’ve been very nervous lately. I think aromatherapy will help. I am ordering $250 worth of oils from an Internet site that promised swift results.” Select the nurse’s best action.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tell the patient, “Aromatherapy can complicate respiratory problems such as asthma. Let’s consider some other options.” This is the best action as it addresses the patient's asthma history and concerns about using aromatherapy. It shows the nurse's responsibility to educate the patient about potential risks and explore safer alternatives. A: Supporting the patient's efforts is important, but in this case, the patient's safety must be prioritized due to the existing health condition. B: Suggesting to check with friends does not provide reliable information and may delay appropriate intervention. C: Reminding the patient about medication costs is important, but it does not directly address the potential harm of aromatherapy in this situation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because valerian is commonly used as a natural remedy for sleep disorders. The desired outcome for a patient using valerian would be to achieve undisturbed sleep throughout the night. Valerian is known for its calming and sedative effects, which can help promote better sleep quality. Option A is incorrect as valerian primarily targets sleep-related issues, not stress directly. Option C is incorrect as valerian is not typically used to increase interest in recreational activities. Option D is incorrect as early morning waking without an alarm clock is not necessarily a desired outcome for a patient using valerian.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Client factors. In this scenario, the patient's belief that taking medication implies being "crazy" reflects a negative attitude or belief held by the patient (client factor). This belief is likely influencing the patient's decision to refuse medication. Clinician factors (B) would refer to issues related to the healthcare provider, structural factors (C) would pertain to systemic barriers, and environmental factors (D) would involve external influences on the patient. In this case, the primary reason for nonadherence is the patient's own beliefs and attitudes, making client factors the most relevant choice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Temporal lobe. The temporal lobe is responsible for handling memory functions and emotions, including anxiety. It contains the hippocampus, a crucial structure for memory formation. The frontal lobe (choice A) is primarily involved in executive functions and decision-making. There is no specific "Anxiety center" (choice B) in the brain. The central sulcus (choice D) is a groove that separates the frontal and parietal lobes and is not directly associated with memory or anxiety processing. Therefore, the temporal lobe is the correct choice based on its known functions related to memory and emotional processing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: voltage-dependent (gated) calcium channels. These channels are crucial for neurotransmitter release as they allow calcium ions to enter the presynaptic neuron upon depolarization, triggering vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release. Voltage-sensitive sodium channels (A) are responsible for action potential initiation, not neurotransmitter release. Neurotransmitter receptor potassium channels (C) are involved in postsynaptic responses, not release. Voltage-dependent chloride channels (D) are not directly involved in neurotransmitter release.