A patient with a diagnosis of hypocalcemia is being treated with calcium gluconate. Which nursing intervention is essential while administering this medication?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A: While administering calcium gluconate for hypocalcemia, monitoring for bradycardia and hypotension is essential due to the potential risk of cardiac arrhythmias with rapid calcium infusion. Bradycardia and hypotension are common signs of calcium gluconate toxicity. Therefore, close monitoring of vital signs is crucial to prevent serious complications. Summary of Incorrect Choices: B: Checking for signs of increased intracranial pressure is not directly related to calcium gluconate administration for hypocalcemia. C: Observing for symptoms of hyperkalemia is not relevant as calcium gluconate does not typically cause hyperkalemia. D: Evaluating for nausea and vomiting post-administration is not a priority compared to monitoring for bradycardia and hypotension, which are more critical potential side effects of calcium gluconate.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C) 500 calories. This is because to lose 1 pound of fat, which is equivalent to 3,500 calories, over 7 days, a person needs to create a calorie deficit of 500 calories per day (3,500 ÷ 7 = 500). This gradual reduction in daily calorie intake allows for a sustainable weight loss plan that is both safe and effective. Option A) 100 calories is too small of a reduction to achieve the desired 3,500 calorie deficit over a week. It would take 35 days to lose 1 pound with a 100 calorie reduction per day, which is not consistent with the goal of losing 1 pound per week. Option B) 250 calories is also insufficient to reach the 3,500 calorie deficit needed for a pound of weight loss within a week. This reduction would result in a 1,750 calorie deficit over 7 days, falling short of the target. Option D) 1,000 calories is too aggressive of a reduction and may not be sustainable or safe for most individuals. Rapid weight loss can lead to muscle loss, nutrient deficiencies, and other health complications. Understanding the relationship between calorie intake and weight loss is crucial in designing a healthy and effective weight-loss plan. By choosing option C) 500 calories, the patient can achieve a realistic and manageable calorie deficit that supports gradual and sustainable weight loss, promoting long-term success and overall well-being.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of nutrition and fluid balance, the correct answer to how often a nurse would recommend a patient to eat or drink a source of vitamin C is option D) every day. This recommendation is based on several important factors related to the properties and functions of vitamin C in the body. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, which means it is not stored in the body for an extended period like fat-soluble vitamins. As a result, regular and consistent intake of vitamin C is essential to maintain adequate levels in the body. Vitamin C plays a crucial role in various physiological functions such as collagen synthesis, immune function, wound healing, and as an antioxidant. Choosing option A) once a week or option C) three times a week would not provide sufficient and consistent levels of vitamin C to support these vital functions. Opting for option B) once a month would lead to a significant deficiency in vitamin C, which could result in health issues like scurvy. Educationally, understanding the importance of daily intake of vitamin C reinforces the concept of regular and balanced nutrition for overall health and well-being. By emphasizing the need for daily sources of vitamin C, individuals can make informed dietary choices to meet their nutritional requirements and maintain optimal health. This knowledge empowers individuals to take proactive steps towards improving their dietary habits and promoting a healthy lifestyle.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) breastfeeding or formula with iron. This recommendation is based on established guidelines from reputable health organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Academy of Pediatrics. Breastfeeding is the ideal choice for infant nutrition as it provides the necessary nutrients, antibodies, and immune factors crucial for the baby's growth and development. Formula with iron is a suitable alternative for mothers who are unable to breastfeed or choose not to do so. Option A) solid foods after the first month is incorrect because introducing solid foods too early can increase the risk of food allergies and digestive issues in infants. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends starting solid foods around 6 months of age. Option B) no solid foods until age 1 year is also incorrect as waiting until age 1 year to introduce solid foods can lead to nutrient deficiencies and may not align with the infant's developmental needs. Option C) bottle feeding with cow's milk is not recommended for infants under 1 year of age as cow's milk does not provide the necessary nutrients for optimal growth and development. It can also be difficult for infants to digest and may lead to iron deficiency anemia. Educationally, it is important for nurses and healthcare professionals to understand the significance of early infant nutrition in promoting healthy growth and development. By providing evidence-based recommendations, such as breastfeeding or formula with iron, healthcare providers can support mothers in making informed decisions about their infant's nutrition. It is essential to stay updated on current guidelines and research to ensure the best possible outcomes for infant health and well-being.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of stimulating appetite, the correct answer is option C, which is to encourage or provide oral care. Maintaining good oral hygiene can have a significant impact on a person's ability to taste and enjoy food, thereby stimulating their appetite. By ensuring that the mouth is clean and healthy, taste buds are more sensitive, and individuals are more likely to have a better appetite. Option A, administering prescribed medications, is not directly related to stimulating appetite through oral care. While certain medications may have side effects that impact appetite, the question specifically asks for an independent nursing intervention that can stimulate appetite without the use of medications. Option B, recommending dietary supplements, is also not the most appropriate answer in this context. While dietary supplements may provide additional nutrients, they do not address the underlying issue of stimulating appetite through oral care. Option D, assessing manifestations of malnutrition, is important for identifying nutritional deficiencies but does not directly address the question of how to stimulate appetite. It is a necessary step in the overall care of the patient but does not serve as an independent intervention to stimulate appetite. Educationally, it is crucial for nurses to understand the importance of oral care in promoting appetite and overall nutritional well-being in patients. By providing proper oral care, nurses can significantly impact a patient's quality of life and nutritional intake, particularly in those who may be experiencing challenges with appetite. This reinforces the holistic approach to patient care that encompasses not only medical interventions but also basic nursing interventions that can make a significant difference in patient outcomes.