ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with a creatinine clearance of 20 mL/min is admitted to the medical-surgical unit. The patient is in need of rapid diuresis. Which class of diuretic does the nurse anticipate administering?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Loop diuretics are the most effective diuretics for patients with significantly reduced kidney function, like a creatinine clearance of 20 mL/min. Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, act on the ascending loop of Henle to inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption. They are able to produce a rapid and potent diuresis even in patients with impaired renal function. This class of diuretics is commonly used in patients with acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease to promote diuresis and manage fluid overload.
Question 2 of 5
What patient history would the nurse recognize as a contraindication for beginning Niacin therapy?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gout is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood, which can be exacerbated by niacin therapy. Niacin can increase uric acid levels, potentially leading to gout flare-ups in patients with a history of gout. Therefore, a history of gout would be recognized as a contraindication for beginning Niacin therapy.
Question 3 of 5
A patient has had recent mechanical heart valve surgery and is receiving anticoagulant therapy. While monitoring the patient™s laboratory work, the nurse interprets that the patient™s international normalized ratio (INR) level of 3 indicates that:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An international normalized ratio (INR) level of 3 is within the recommended therapeutic range for patients on anticoagulant therapy, particularly those with mechanical heart valve surgery. The target INR range for patients with mechanical heart valves is typically between 2.5 to 3.5. An INR of 3 indicates that the patient™s warfarin dose is at the appropriate therapeutic levels to prevent blood clots while minimizing the risk of bleeding complications. It is essential to closely monitor and adjust the patient's warfarin dose based on their INR levels to maintain a balance between preventing clot formation and avoiding excessive bleeding.
Question 4 of 5
the antidote for Warfarin is?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that works by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver. Therefore, the antidote for Warfarin overdose or to reverse its effects is vitamin K. Vitamin K helps in replenishing the depleted vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, allowing the blood to clot normally again. Administering vitamin K helps in reversing the anticoagulant effects of Warfarin, preventing excessive bleeding or hemorrhage.
Question 5 of 5
A neighbor tells nurse Maureen he has to have surgery and is reluctant to have any blood product transfusions because of a fear of contracting an infection. He asks the nurse what are his options. The nurse teaches the person that the safest blood product is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An autologous blood product is the safest option for the neighbor who is reluctant to have blood transfusions due to a fear of contracting an infection. Autologous blood is blood that is donated by the patient themselves prior to surgery. This type of blood product eliminates the risk of transmitting infections from other donors, as the blood comes from the patient's own body. It is considered the safest option for those concerned about infection transmission during blood transfusions.