A patient with a BMI of 32 has a positive pregnancy test. What is the maximum number of pounds that the nurse will advise the patient gain during the pregnancy?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A (20 lb). During pregnancy, the recommended weight gain for a woman with a BMI of 30-39.9 is 11-20 pounds. This range helps reduce the risk of complications associated with excessive weight gain. Option B (25 lb) exceeds this recommended range, while options C (28 lb) and D (40 lb) are even further beyond the healthy weight gain guidelines for a BMI of 32. Thus, advising the patient to gain a maximum of 20 pounds is the most appropriate recommendation to ensure a healthy pregnancy outcome.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: During pregnancy, protein is essential for the growth and development of the fetus, making option A correct. Step 2: The other options are incorrect due to potential risks. High-dose vitamin A (Option B) can be harmful to the fetus. Step 3: Consuming raw sprouts (Option C) poses a risk of foodborne illness, which can be dangerous during pregnancy. Step 4: Relying solely on supplements (Option D) is not recommended as they may not provide all the necessary nutrients found in whole foods. In summary, option A is correct as it emphasizes the importance of protein intake during pregnancy, while the other options pose potential risks or limitations in meeting nutritional needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (Grains and legumes) because when combined, they provide all essential amino acids needed for a vegan pregnant patient. Grains are low in lysine but high in methionine, while legumes are high in lysine but low in methionine. By consuming both, the patient can achieve a complete protein profile. Choice A (Eggs and beans) is incorrect as vegans do not consume eggs. Choice B (Fruits and vegetables) lacks adequate protein and essential amino acids. Choice D (Vitamin and mineral supplements) is important for overall health but does not provide the necessary amino acids.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Add foods such as nuts, dried fruit, and broccoli to the diet. This recommendation is best because these foods are good sources of calcium and are also lactose-free, which is important for a pregnant patient with lactose intolerance. Nuts and dried fruits are rich in calcium, while broccoli is a good vegetable source of calcium. Choice B is incorrect because consuming dairy products can exacerbate symptoms of lactose intolerance, even with an anti-gas product. Choice C is incorrect because while dark leafy vegetables are good sources of calcium, they may not provide enough for a pregnant patient's needs. Choice D is incorrect because powdered milk still contains lactose and may not be well-tolerated by someone with lactose intolerance.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Spinach, orange juice, and fortified bran flakes are high in folic acid, which is essential for pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects in the fetus. Spinach is rich in folate, the natural form of folic acid. Orange juice is often fortified with folic acid, and fortified bran flakes also contain high levels of folic acid. A, B, and C are incorrect choices because they do not contain foods that are particularly high in folic acid. While peaches, yogurt, tofu, strawberries, milk, tuna, asparagus, lemonade, and chicken breast are all nutritious choices, they are not as rich in folic acid as the foods listed in option D. It is crucial for the patient to focus on foods with high folic acid content to support a healthy pregnancy.