ATI RN
ATI Hematologic System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with a bleeding disorder is prescribed an infusion of plasma. What should the nurse explain as being the purpose of this infusion?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Contains clotting factors. Plasma contains essential clotting factors like fibrinogen, Factor VIII, and others that are necessary for blood clotting in patients with bleeding disorders. This infusion helps improve the patient's ability to form blood clots and control bleeding. B: Plasma does not carry oxygen to tissues; that is the role of red blood cells. C: Plasma does not directly support cellular metabolism; that is the function of nutrients. D: Plasma does not remove waste products from cells; that is the role of the kidneys and liver.
Question 2 of 5
A patient receiving blood complains of dyspnea. The nurse auscultates the patient's lungs and finds crackles that were not present before the start of the transfusion. Which type of reaction should the nurse suspect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Circulatory overload. Dyspnea and crackles post-transfusion indicate fluid overload, not an immune response. Step 1: Rule out urticarial (itching/rash) and anaphylactic (rapid onset, hypotension) reactions due to the absence of these symptoms. Step 2: Hemolytic reactions involve destruction of red blood cells, leading to hemoglobinuria and shock. Step 3: Circulatory overload results from an excessive volume of blood given, leading to pulmonary edema and crackles. In this case, the symptoms align with circulatory overload, making it the most likely reaction.
Question 3 of 5
A patient reports severe abdominal cramping and diarrhea. Assessment reveals a temperature of 102°F (38.8°C) and pulse of 82 beats/min. Results of a complete blood count reveal lower than normal segmented and banded neutrophils and higher than normal lymphocytes. Which type of infection does the nurse suspect this patient is most likely experiencing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Viral. The patient's symptoms of abdominal cramping, diarrhea, fever, and altered white blood cell count with low neutrophils and high lymphocytes suggest a viral infection. Viral infections often present with these symptoms and characteristic lab findings. Other choices are incorrect because fungal infections typically do not cause acute abdominal symptoms, parasitic infections usually present with different symptoms and lab findings, and bacterial infections are more likely to have elevated neutrophils and different clinical presentation.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who is being discharged after an emergency splenectomy following an automobile accident. Which instructions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Patient's immune system is compromised post-splenectomy. Step 2: Washing hands and avoiding ill individuals reduce infection risk. Step 3: Emphasizing infection prevention crucial for patient safety. Summary: A - relates to clotting issues, B - not relevant, C - not immediate concern. Washing hands is most pertinent.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results and notes an aPTT level of 28 seconds. The nurse should notify the health care provider in anticipation of adjusting which medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Heparin. An aPTT level of 28 seconds indicates a shorter clotting time than normal, suggesting that the patient may be at risk for bleeding due to excessive anticoagulation with heparin. The nurse should notify the healthcare provider to adjust the heparin dosage to prevent bleeding complications. A: Aspirin is an antiplatelet medication and does not affect aPTT levels. C: Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist and primarily affects the PT/INR levels, not aPTT. D: Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production and does not affect clotting parameters such as aPTT.