ATI RN
ATI Hematologic System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with a bleeding disorder is prescribed an infusion of plasma. What should the nurse explain as being the purpose of this infusion?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Contains clotting factors. Plasma is the liquid component of blood that contains essential clotting factors necessary for blood coagulation. This infusion helps replenish clotting factors in patients with bleeding disorders, aiding in the formation of blood clots to stop bleeding. Choice B is incorrect as plasma does not carry oxygen; that is the role of red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as plasma does not directly support cellular metabolism; that is the role of nutrients. Choice D is incorrect as plasma does not remove waste products; that is the role of the kidneys and liver.
Question 2 of 5
A patient receiving blood complains of dyspnea. The nurse auscultates the patient's lungs and finds crackles that were not present before the start of the transfusion. Which type of reaction should the nurse suspect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Circulatory overload. This type of reaction occurs when the patient receives blood too quickly, leading to fluid overload in the circulatory system. The dyspnea and crackles are indicative of pulmonary edema, a common symptom of circulatory overload. Urticarial reaction (choice A) presents with hives, not dyspnea. Hemolytic reaction (choice B) involves the destruction of red blood cells, not fluid overload. Anaphylactic reaction (choice C) is a severe allergic reaction that includes symptoms like hives, swelling, and hypotension, but not typically pulmonary edema.
Question 3 of 5
A patient reports severe abdominal cramping and diarrhea. Assessment reveals a temperature of 102°F (38.8°C) and pulse of 82 beats/min. Results of a complete blood count reveal lower than normal segmented and banded neutrophils and higher than normal lymphocytes. Which type of infection does the nurse suspect this patient is most likely experiencing?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Viral. The patient's symptoms (abdominal cramping, diarrhea, fever) are consistent with a viral infection, such as gastroenteritis. The lower segmented and banded neutrophils indicate a viral infection, as viruses often target lymphocytes. The higher lymphocyte count is a characteristic response to viral infections. Other choices are incorrect as fungal, parasitic, and bacterial infections typically present with different symptoms and laboratory findings.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who is being discharged after an emergency splenectomy following an automobile accident. Which instructions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because after a splenectomy, the patient is at risk for infections due to a compromised immune system. Washing hands and avoiding sick individuals can help prevent infections. A: Watching for excess bruising is not directly related to post-splenectomy care. B: Checking for swollen lymph nodes is not a priority concern for a post-splenectomy patient. C: Taking iron supplements may not be necessary immediately post-splenectomy and should be discussed with the healthcare provider.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is reviewing laboratory results and notes an aPTT level of 28 seconds. The nurse should notify the health care provider in anticipation of adjusting which medication?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Heparin. An aPTT level of 28 seconds is below the therapeutic range for heparin, indicating a subtherapeutic dose. The nurse should notify the healthcare provider to adjust the heparin dosage to achieve the desired anticoagulant effect. Aspirin (choice A) does not affect aPTT levels. Warfarin (choice C) affects PT/INR, not aPTT. Erythropoietin (choice D) is not related to aPTT levels.