A patient who was burned at 10:00 AM reports a pre-burn weight of 154 lb (70 kg). The estimated total body surface area (TBSA) burned is 60%. Using the Parkland/Baxter formula, the nurse verifies that the total amount of intravenous lactated Ringer solution to be infused by 6:00 PM on the day of the burn is which of the following?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 8,400 mL. The Parkland/Baxter formula for fluid resuscitation in burn patients is 4 mL x %TBSA x weight in kg. In this case, it would be 4 mL x 60% x 70 kg = 1,680 mL for the first 8 hours. Since the burn occurred at 10:00 AM, by 6:00 PM, 8 hours have passed. Therefore, the total amount of lactated Ringer solution to be infused by 6:00 PM would be 1,680 mL x 5 = 8,400 mL. Choice A (5,200 mL) is incorrect as it does not take into account the correct formula for fluid resuscitation in burn patients. Choice B (7,470 mL) is incorrect as it is not the total amount of fluid needed based on the Parkland/Baxter formula. Choice D (16,800 mL) is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, the indirect immunofluorescence test. This test is used to detect autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus by analyzing blood samples for specific autoantibodies. It helps identify antibodies that target the body's tissues, a hallmark of lupus. A, the patch test, is used to evaluate allergic dermatitis and photoallergic reactions, not for diagnosing lupus. B, the photo patch test, is specific for identifying allergic reactions to light exposure, not lupus. C, the direct immunofluorescence test is more commonly used to diagnose skin conditions like pemphigus vulgaris, not systemic lupus erythematosus.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Brain. The brain is located in the cranial cavity, which is the part of the skull that houses the brain. It is protected by the skull bones and plays a central role in controlling various bodily functions. The thymus (A) is located in the chest, the liver (B) is located in the abdominal cavity, and the parathyroid gland (D) is located in the neck. Therefore, the brain is the only organ among the options that is situated in the cranial cavity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, providing protection and waterproofing. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. The hypodermis is not a main layer of the skin but rather a subcutaneous layer of fat beneath the dermis. Dermis and hypodermis do not make up the two main layers of the skin. Therefore, option A is correct as it accurately identifies the two main layers of the skin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because wearing sunscreen protects the skin from harmful UV rays, avoiding smoking prevents premature aging and skin damage, and eating a healthy diet provides essential nutrients for skin health. Each choice plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy skin by addressing different aspects such as protection, prevention, and nourishment. Therefore, incorporating all three practices together ensures comprehensive care for the skin. Choices A, B, and C individually contribute to skin health, but only choosing all of the above covers all necessary measures for optimal skin care.