A patient who was admitted to the delivery room undergoes an ultrasound, which reveals that the sacrum is the presenting part; the lie is longitudinal, with both the hips and knees in flexion. Which describes this fetal presentation?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cephalic. In this presentation, the sacrum is the presenting part, indicating the baby is head down, which is characteristic of a cephalic presentation. Additionally, the lie is longitudinal, further supporting the cephalic presentation. The flexion of both hips and knees is also consistent with the normal positioning of a baby in the cephalic presentation. Summary of other choices: B: Complete breech - In a complete breech presentation, the baby is bottom down with both hips and knees flexed, but the sacrum would not be the presenting part. C: Frank breech - In a frank breech presentation, the baby's buttocks are the presenting part with the legs extended and the feet near the head. D: Footling breech - In a footling breech presentation, one or both feet are the presenting part, with the hips and knees extended, not flexed as described in the scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Continue to monitor contractions and fetal heart rate. At 3 cm dilated and 80% effaced, the woman is likely in early labor. Continuous monitoring is crucial to assess labor progression and fetal well-being. Vaginal exam (A) can increase infection risk. Preparing for delivery (B) is premature. Administering epidural (C) is based on pain management, not current labor stage. Monitoring contractions and fetal heart rate ensures timely intervention if needed.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stop the oxytocin infusion. Uterine hyperstimulation can lead to fetal distress and compromise maternal and fetal well-being. Stopping the oxytocin infusion is the first step to prevent further complications. Administering a tocolytic agent (B) is not the initial action for uterine hyperstimulation. Increasing the oxytocin infusion rate (C) would exacerbate the hyperstimulation. Positioning the patient on her left side (D) can help improve blood flow but is not the priority in this situation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Provide non-pharmacological pain relief methods. In the latent phase of labor, the cervix is dilated up to 6 cm and the contractions are typically mild to moderate. Non-pharmacological methods like massage, breathing techniques, warm showers, and position changes are most appropriate as they help the patient relax and cope with the pain without interfering with the progress of labor. Administering an epidural block (A) is not recommended in the latent phase as it can slow down labor. Administering narcotic analgesics (C) can affect the baby and may not provide adequate pain relief. Encouraging the patient to push (D) is not appropriate in the latent phase as it can lead to exhaustion and may not be effective until the cervix is fully dilated.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Check for cord prolapse. This is the priority intervention because with ruptured membranes, there is a risk of umbilical cord prolapse, which can lead to fetal compromise. Checking for cord prolapse allows for quick identification and immediate intervention to prevent potential harm to the baby. Choice B is incorrect as monitoring for fetal distress is important but not the immediate priority when cord prolapse is a concern. Choice C, administering antibiotics, may be necessary but does not address the immediate risk of cord prolapse. Choice D, performing a vaginal exam, can increase the risk of infection and should be avoided until cord prolapse is ruled out.