A patient who previously was a smoker has recently stopped smoking but reports having a lot of trouble sleeping at night. How would the nurse respond?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nicotine withdrawal disrupts sleep due to its stimulant loss, but this resolves. 'Sleep problems from stopping smoking are temporary' is correct; insomnia peaks 1-3 weeks post-cessatione.g., nicotine's absence drops arousal, yet cravings wake patientsbut normalizes within months, per sleep research. Choice A, 'decide what's more important,' dismisses the patient's struggle, lacking empathy. Choice B, 'it might be better to smoke,' undermines cessation's health benefits (e.g., reduced cancer risk) and contradicts nursing ethics. Choice D, 'this will always be a problem,' is false; chronic insomnia isn't inevitable post-smokinge.g., most ex-smokers sleep normally by 6 months. A nurse, per Taylor, reassures with evidencee.g., 'Your brain's adjusting, it'll pass'promoting resilience. Choice C is the supportive, accurate response.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Effective sleep plans yield measurable rest gains. 'Identifies factors that interfere with normal sleep pattern' shows success; awarenesse.g., 'Caffeine at 8 p.m. keeps me up'enables change, per Taylor's outcome criteria. Choice A, 'inability to sleep without medications,' signals failuree.g., dependence, not independence. Choice B, 'continues to read in bed for hours,' persists poor hygienee.g., delaying sleep to 1 a.m. Choice D, 'minimal improvement,' admits partial gaine.g., 6 vs. 5 hoursbut not optimal. Identifying barriers (e.g., noise, stress) empowers patients, making Choice C the correct, effective outcome.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pain inside a cast stems from physical forces. 'Mechanical' is correct; pressure or frictione.g., a tight cast compressing tissue or rubbing skincauses this, per Taylor's pain classification. Thermal pain requires heat/colde.g., a burn, not cast-related. Chemical pain involves irritantse.g., acid exposure, not typical here. Electrical pain needs currente.g., a shock, irrelevant to casts. A cast too snug might pinch nerves or musclese.g., swelling post-fracture increases pressureproducing sharp or aching mechanical pain. Nurses assess for compartment syndrome or fit issues, adjusting or bivalving the cast. This contrasts with chemical pain from inflammation (e.g., prostaglandins) or thermal from external sources. The physical interaction of cast and limb drives this scenario, making Choice D the most likely type.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pain activates the sympathetic nervous system. 'Increased pulse and blood pressure' is expectede.g., acute pain (moaning) spikes heart rate (e.g., 70 to 100 bpm) and BP (e.g., 120/80 to 140/90) via adrenaline, per Taylor's physiology. Choice A, 'decreased pulse and respirations,' fits sedatione.g., opioids, not untreated pain. Choice C, 'increased temperature,' needs inflammatione.g., fever, not instant pain response. Choice D, 'no change,' ignores stresse.g., even 4/10 pain elevates vitals. A patient with a broken leg moaning shows tachycardia and hypertensione.g., 10-20% riseuntil relieved. Nurses note this fight-or-flight reaction, making Choice B the correct finding.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Opioid overdose causes unresponsiveness. 'Naloxone' reverses ite.g., 0.4 mg IV displaces opioids from mu-receptors, restoring breathing in 2 minutes, per Taylor's emergency care. 'Cortisone' treats inflammatione.g., arthritis, not overdose. 'Aspirin' thins bloode.g., no opioid effect. 'Penicillin' kills bacteriae.g., irrelevant here. A patient with morphine ODe.g., respiratory rate 4/minneeds naloxone, a nurse's rapid response. Choice D is the correct, life-saving drug.