ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam 2024 Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient who is taking clopidogrel (Plavix) and aspirin is preparing for orthopedic surgery. The nurse will consult with the surgeon and provide which instruction to the patient?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction for the patient taking clopidogrel (Plavix) and aspirin prior to orthopedic surgery is to continue taking aspirin and stop taking clopidogrel 2 weeks before the surgery. This recommendation is based on the pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel, which has a longer duration of action and requires a longer timeframe for platelet function to return to baseline after discontinuation. Aspirin, on the other hand, has a shorter duration of action, and its antiplatelet effects diminish more rapidly once it is stopped. By continuing aspirin and stopping clopidogrel 2 weeks before surgery, the patient can minimize the risk of excessive bleeding during the surgical procedure while still maintaining some level of antiplatelet effect to prevent thrombotic events.
Question 2 of 5
The school nurse prepares a program for junior high school students on sun safety. Which information will the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sunscreen should provide protection against both UVA and UVB radiation and include SPF information (A). UVB radiation is most intense between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. (B). An SPF of at least 15 is recommended (D). Clouds do not block all radiation, so sunscreen is still needed on cloudy days (C is incorrect).
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is reviewing factors that influence pharmacokinetics in the neonatal patient. Which factor puts the neonatal patient at risk with regard to drug therapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neonates have an immature renal system, which affects the excretion of drugs and their metabolites. This immaturity can lead to prolonged drug half-lives and an increased risk of toxicity. While hyperperistalsis, irregular temperature regulation, and smaller circulatory capacity can influence drug therapy, the immature renal system is the most significant factor. Nurses must consider this when administering medications to neonates and adjust dosages accordingly to ensure safety and efficacy.
Question 4 of 5
A severely immunocompromised female patient requires a blood transfusion. To prevent GVHD, the physician will order:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Irradiation of donor blood is a standard practice to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in immunocompromised patients. Irradiation inactivates the donor's lymphocytes, preventing them from attacking the recipient's tissues. Diphenhydramine and acetaminophen are used to manage allergic reactions or fever but do not prevent GVHD. Administering the transfusion slowly does not address the risk of GVHD. Therefore, irradiation is the correct preventive measure.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following antiepileptic drugs is associated with visual field defects?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antiepileptics vary in side effects. Valproate causes tremor or hepatotoxicity, not visual defects. Carbamazepine risks rash or hyponatremia, not eyes. Lamotrigine is linked to rash, tiagabine to dizziness, without visual impact. Vigabatrin, a GABA-transaminase inhibitor, causes irreversible concentric visual field defects in ~30-40% of users due to retinal toxicity, a unique and serious adverse effect. This necessitates ophthalmologic monitoring, distinguishing it in epilepsy treatment choices.