A patient who is taking clopidogrel (Plavix) and aspirin is preparing for orthopedic surgery. The nurse will consult with the surgeon and provide which instruction to the patient?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction to the patient who is taking clopidogrel (Plavix) and aspirin and is preparing for orthopedic surgery is to continue taking aspirin and stop taking clopidogrel 2 weeks prior to surgery. Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication that irreversibly inhibits platelet activation and aggregation, which can increase the risk of bleeding during surgery. However, aspirin has a different mechanism of action and does not have as profound an effect on platelet function as clopidogrel. By continuing aspirin and stopping clopidogrel, the patient can still receive some antiplatelet protection while minimizing the bleeding risk associated with clopidogrel. It is important for the nurse to consult with the surgeon to ensure the best course of action for the patient's specific situation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Seizure drugs (e.g., benzodiazepines like clonazepam) treat anxiety via GABA enhancement, calming overactivity, per pharmacology. Antitussives suppress cough, anticoagulants thin blood, and antibiotics fight infection-none target anxiety. Seizure drugs' anxiolytic use is established, fitting the need.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: For a 79-year-old patient taking a diuretic for hypertension, the nurse should know that extra precautions are necessary for preventing orthostatic hypotension and potential falls. Orthostatic hypotension refers to a drop in blood pressure that occurs when standing up from a sitting or lying down position. This can lead to dizziness and an increased risk of falls, particularly in elderly individuals. Therefore, the teaching point about taking extra precautions when standing up is critical to emphasize for this patient to ensure their safety and well-being. Option A is the correct choice as it highlights the importance of this teaching point for the patient's care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction to the patient who is taking clopidogrel (Plavix) and aspirin and is preparing for orthopedic surgery is to continue taking aspirin and stop taking clopidogrel 2 weeks prior to surgery. Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet medication that irreversibly inhibits platelet activation and aggregation, which can increase the risk of bleeding during surgery. However, aspirin has a different mechanism of action and does not have as profound an effect on platelet function as clopidogrel. By continuing aspirin and stopping clopidogrel, the patient can still receive some antiplatelet protection while minimizing the bleeding risk associated with clopidogrel. It is important for the nurse to consult with the surgeon to ensure the best course of action for the patient's specific situation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most concerning adverse effect for an older adult patient taking a vasodilator for hypertension is hypotension, which is abnormally low blood pressure. Older adults may be more sensitive to the blood pressure-lowering effects of vasodilators due to age-related changes in the cardiovascular system. Hypotension can lead to dizziness, lightheadedness, falls, and even fainting, increasing the risk of injury in older adults. Monitoring blood pressure regularly and adjusting the dosage appropriately are crucial in managing this potential adverse effect in older patients.