ATI RN
Pharmacology/Lifespan Considerations Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient who is taking a combination oral contraceptive begins taking carbamazepine. After several weeks, the patient tells the nurse she has begun experiencing spotting during her cycle. What will the nurse tell her to do?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carbamazepine, a P450 inducer, accelerates OC metabolism, reducing estrogen levels and causing breakthrough spotting. Increasing the estrogen dose can compensate for this. Condoms alone (A) abandon hormonal benefits, altering carbamazepine (C) affects its efficacy, and stopping OCs (D) risks pregnancy, making option B the best advice.
Question 2 of 5
Nonselective beta-blockers may be used to treat hypertension and
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nonselective beta-blockers are commonly used to treat hypertension and supraventricular arrhythmias due to their ability to block beta receptors in the heart, leading to decreased heart rate and contractility. This helps in reducing cardiac workload and oxygen demand, thereby managing these conditions effectively. Option A, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is incorrect because nonselective beta-blockers can exacerbate bronchoconstriction in patients with COPD due to their action on beta-2 receptors in the lungs, potentially leading to respiratory distress. Option B, heart failure, is incorrect because nonselective beta-blockers are not typically used in heart failure management. Instead, selective beta-blockers targeting beta-1 receptors are preferred as they provide benefits without compromising cardiac function. Option C, heart block, is incorrect because nonselective beta-blockers can worsen heart block by further slowing down the electrical conduction through the heart's conduction system, potentially leading to more serious rhythm disturbances. Educationally, understanding the pharmacological properties of beta-blockers and their selectivity is crucial for healthcare professionals in making informed decisions regarding their use in different clinical scenarios. It is essential to consider the specific effects of medications on different organ systems to optimize patient care and avoid potential complications.
Question 3 of 5
A 24-year-old client reports taking acetaminophen fairly regularly for headaches. The nurse knows that a client who consumes excess acetaminophen per day or regularly consumes alcoholic beverages should be observed for what adverse effect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this case, the correct answer is A) hepatic toxicity. Acetaminophen is primarily metabolized in the liver, and when taken in excess or in combination with alcohol, it can lead to liver damage. This is a crucial consideration for the nurse to monitor in a client who regularly consumes acetaminophen and alcohol. Option B) renal damage is incorrect because acetaminophen primarily affects the liver, not the kidneys. Option C) thrombotic effects and Option D) pulmonary damage are also incorrect as they are not commonly associated with acetaminophen use. Educational Context: Understanding the potential adverse effects of medications like acetaminophen is essential for nurses and healthcare professionals to ensure patient safety. It is important to educate clients on the proper use of medications, including dosage and any potential interactions or risks associated with their use. Monitoring for adverse effects is a key role of the nurse in promoting patient well-being and preventing complications.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client receiving treatment for asthma with albuterol. While serious adverse effects are uncommon, the following may occur. (select one that does not apply)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B) sedation. Albuterol is a beta-2 adrenergic agonist commonly used to treat asthma by relaxing the muscles in the airways, making it easier to breathe. Sedation is not a common side effect of albuterol. A) Tachycardia is a potential side effect of albuterol due to its stimulant effect on the heart, causing it to beat faster. This can lead to palpitations and an increased heart rate. C) Temporary dyspnea is a symptom that albuterol aims to relieve, not induce. Albuterol is used to alleviate shortness of breath and help with breathing difficulties in asthma patients. D) Nervousness is a common side effect of albuterol due to its stimulant properties. It can cause feelings of jitteriness, restlessness, and anxiety in some individuals. In an educational context, understanding the side effects of medications like albuterol is crucial for nurses to provide safe and effective care to their patients. By knowing the potential adverse effects, nurses can monitor patients closely, educate them on what to expect, and intervene promptly if needed to ensure optimal outcomes in asthma management.
Question 5 of 5
A 52-year-old male patient with a family history of cardiac disease reports to the clinic with a complaint of intermittent chest pain. A review of his medical record reveals that he was started on 112.5 mcg of synthetic T4 (Synthroid) three weeks ago for a TSH level of 7.2. While he reports improved energy and mental clarity since starting on Synthroid he is concerned about the chest pain. You take his vital signs and find he has a BP of 142/86 and a regular pulse at 128. Which of the following represents your best treatment plan for this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Excess thyroid hormone can cause tachycardia and chest pain (pulse 128); decreasing Synthroid (B) and ordering TSH/EKG assesses thyroid levels and cardiac status. No change (A) risks worsening symptoms, stress test (C) alone misses thyroid adjustment, and discontinuation (D) is premature for lifelong therapy.