A patient who is suspected of having acute viral hemorrhagic fever reveals history of tick bite. Which of the following is the most possible causative agent?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne virus transmitted primarily by Hyalomma ticks, making it the most likely causative agent in a patient with a history of tick bite and symptoms of viral hemorrhagic fever (fever, bleeding). Hantavirus (A) is rodent-borne, Rift Valley virus (B) is mosquito-borne, and Marburg virus (D) is bat-associated, none of which align with tick transmission. Ross River virus (E) is mosquito-borne and not a hemorrhagic fever. Thus, CCHFV (C) is the correct answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Reticulocytes (B) are immature RBCs released from bone marrow during active erythropoiesis, increasing with iron therapy in iron deficiency anemia. Myelocytes (A) are myeloid precursors, ring sideroblasts (C) indicate sideroblastic anemia, target cells (D) suggest liver/hemoglobinopathy, and megakaryoblasts (E) are platelet precursors—reticulocytes directly reflect erythropoiesis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Artemisinin treats chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria due to rapid schizonticidal activity (D), killing asexual blood-stage parasites. It’s not primarily gametocidal (A), doesn’t affect hypnozoites (B), isn’t sporontocidal (C), and doesn’t block ring-to-gametocyte (E)—schizonticide action is key.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The epididymis is a crucial structure in the male reproductive system, responsible for the maturation and storage of sperm. The correct answer, A) is comma-shaped, is accurate because the epididymis is indeed a tightly coiled, comma-shaped structure located on the posterior aspect of the testes. This shape is essential for maximizing surface area for sperm maturation. Option B) is crossed by the deferent duct (vas deferens) is incorrect. While the vas deferens does pass adjacent to the epididymis, it does not cross through it. The vas deferens carries mature sperm away from the epididymis during ejaculation. Option C) displays tunica albuginea on the inside is incorrect because the tunica albuginea is a dense connective tissue layer that surrounds the testes, not the epididymis. Option D) is an intratesticular spermatic duct is incorrect because the epididymis is not technically within the testes; it is an external structure that lies on the surface of the testes. Understanding the anatomy and function of the epididymis is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in fields like nursing and medicine, where knowledge of reproductive physiology is essential for providing comprehensive care to patients. Mastering these details ensures accurate assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of reproductive health issues in male patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) seminal vesicles. The seminal vesicles are accessory glands of the male reproductive system that secrete a fluid rich in fructose and other substances that nourish and support sperm. These secretions contribute to the seminal fluid that forms semen. Option A) corpus spongiosum and Option B) corpus cavernosum are erectile tissues in the penis that fill with blood during arousal to facilitate erection. They are not accessory glands but structures involved in the mechanism of achieving and maintaining an erection. Option C) penis is the male external genital organ that contains the urethra through which urine and semen pass. While an essential part of the male reproductive system, it is not an accessory gland. Understanding the components of the male reproductive system is crucial in pharmacology as it can impact drug interactions and potential side effects related to reproductive health. Knowing the specific functions of each structure helps healthcare professionals make informed decisions when prescribing medications that may affect male reproductive function.