ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 The Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient who is severely anemic also has acute heart failure with severe edema due to fluid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) are the most appropriate blood product for a severely anemic patient who needs an increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. PRBC transfusions provide a concentrated dose of red blood cells to improve oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood. This can help address the anemia and improve symptoms related to decreased oxygen delivery to tissues, such as fatigue and weakness. Fresh frozen plasma, albumin, and whole blood do not specifically target the anemia in this scenario and are not the primary choice for raising hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in a patient with severe anemia and acute heart failure.
Question 2 of 5
A patient has been taking a beta blocker for 4 weeks as part of his antianginal therapy. He also has type II diabetes and hyperthyroidism. When discussing possible adverse effects, the nurse will include which information?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Option E is the correct answer. When a patient with type II diabetes is taking a beta blocker, it's important to monitor blood glucose levels regularly for possible changes in glucose levels. Beta blockers can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia, such as tremors and rapid heartbeat, which can make it harder for patients to recognize when their blood sugar is too low. On the other hand, beta blockers can also potentially lead to hyperglycemia as they can blunt the body's response to hypoglycemia by inhibiting the release of counter-regulatory hormones like epinephrine. Therefore, monitoring blood glucose levels is crucial in such patients to prevent complications related to blood sugar fluctuations.
Question 3 of 5
The patient receives aspirin. The nurse assesses an adverse effect to this drug when the patient makes which response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aspirin, an NSAID, inhibits platelet aggregation and can cause gastrointestinal bleeding, leading to dark, tarry stools (melena) from upper GI hemorrhage . This adverse effect requires urgent assessment, as it signals potential internal bleeding, a serious complication. Nasal stuffiness isn't linked to aspirin unless related to an allergic reaction (rare). Headaches from lights suggest photophobia, unrelated to aspirin's effects. Frequent urination isn't a typical side effect. The nurse identifies dark stools as a critical sign of aspirin's impact on gastric mucosa and coagulation, necessitating intervention, making choice A the correct adverse effect to assess.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is described as the route of drug administration where the drug is placed directly into the GIT from where absorption occurs.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Enteral drug administration is the route where the drug is placed directly into the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), such as through the mouth (oral administration) or through a feeding tube. Once administered, the drug is absorbed through the walls of the GI tract into the bloodstream for systemic distribution. This is in contrast to parenteral routes where drugs are administered by methods other than through the digestive system, such as injections, inhalation, or topical application. Intravenous (IV) administration, specifically mentioned in the question, is a type of parenteral route where drugs are injected directly into a vein for rapid and complete systemic distribution.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is providing education about the use of sublingual nitroglycerin tablets. She asks the patient, What would you do if you experienced chest pain while mowing your yard? You have your bottle of sublingual nitroglycerin with you. Which actions by the patient are appropriate in this situation? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Stop the activity, and lie down or sit down: This is an appropriate action to take when experiencing chest pain to reduce the workload on the heart and decrease oxygen demand.