A patient who is on corticosteroid therapy for treatment of an autoimmune disorder has the following additional drugs ordered. Which one is used to prevent corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Alendronate (Fosamax). The rationale behind this is that Alendronate is a bisphosphonate medication commonly used in patients on corticosteroid therapy to prevent corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Corticosteroids can lead to bone loss by interfering with calcium absorption and increasing bone resorption, making patients more prone to osteoporosis. Option A) Potassium is not used to prevent corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Potassium is an electrolyte that is important for nerve and muscle function, but it is not directly involved in preventing bone loss associated with corticosteroid use. Option C) Furosemide (Lasix) is a diuretic medication used to treat fluid retention and high blood pressure. It is not indicated for preventing corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. Option D) Pantoprazole (Protonix) is a proton pump inhibitor commonly used to reduce stomach acid production and treat conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and ulcers. It is not used specifically to prevent corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis. In an educational context, it is crucial for nursing students to understand the adverse effects of corticosteroid therapy, such as osteoporosis, and the importance of preventive measures like using bisphosphonates. This knowledge helps nurses provide comprehensive care to patients on corticosteroid therapy, ensuring their overall well-being and quality of life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In assessing a client suspected of having Cushing syndrome, it is crucial to include an evaluation of changes in body structure and weight. This is because Cushing syndrome is characterized by the excessive production of cortisol, leading to symptoms such as central obesity, muscle wasting, and thin skin. Changes in body structure and weight are key indicators of the metabolic disturbances associated with Cushing syndrome. Option A, increased pigmentation, is more commonly associated with Addison's disease, where there is an increase in melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Option B, decreased urinary output, is not a typical symptom of Cushing syndrome but may be seen in conditions like kidney failure. Option D, increased thickening and coarsening of skin, is more indicative of conditions like acromegaly, caused by excess growth hormone. Educationally, understanding the specific signs and symptoms of endocrine disorders like Cushing syndrome is essential for nurses to provide comprehensive care. By knowing the distinctive features of each condition, nurses can accurately assess, diagnose, and plan appropriate interventions for their patients. This knowledge enhances patient outcomes and improves the quality of care provided.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the case of hyperthyroidism, the correct answer is B) Elevated thyroid hormone. Hyperthyroidism is a condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, leading to excessive production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). Therefore, in Alison's case, the physician would expect to see elevated levels of thyroid hormone in her laboratory results. Option A) Diminished thyroid hormone is incorrect because hyperthyroidism is characterized by an excess, not a deficiency, of thyroid hormone. Option C) Diminished PTH (parathyroid hormone) is not relevant to hyperthyroidism. PTH is involved in calcium regulation and is produced by the parathyroid glands, not the thyroid gland. Option D) Elevated PTH is associated with conditions like hyperparathyroidism, not hyperthyroidism. Hyperparathyroidism involves overproduction of PTH from the parathyroid glands, not the thyroid gland. Educationally, understanding the expected laboratory results in hyperthyroidism is crucial for nurses caring for patients with endocrine disorders. Recognizing the significance of elevated thyroid hormone levels in hyperthyroidism helps in monitoring and managing the condition effectively. It also reinforces the importance of accurate interpretation of laboratory findings in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Provide a general explanation to the client. This option is the most appropriate nursing intervention for preparing a client for a CT scan because it involves clear communication with the client, which is essential in ensuring their cooperation and understanding of the procedure. By providing a general explanation, the nurse can alleviate the client's anxiety, inform them about what to expect during the scan, and address any concerns they may have. This helps in promoting a positive patient experience and ensuring the client is well-prepared both mentally and physically for the procedure. Option A) Consult the physician for special preparation is incorrect because while it is important to collaborate with the physician in the care of the client, the nurse is typically responsible for directly preparing the client for the procedure. Option C) Informing the client to temporarily eliminate salt from the diet is incorrect as it is not a standard preparation for a CT scan unless specifically ordered by the physician for a particular medical condition. Option D) Instructing the client to fast is also incorrect as fasting is not typically required for a CT scan unless specified by the healthcare provider for certain types of scans that involve contrast dye. In an educational context, it is crucial for nursing students to understand the significance of effective communication in preparing clients for diagnostic procedures. By providing clear explanations, nurses can build trust with their patients, promote patient education, and ensure optimal outcomes for the client's healthcare journey. This rationale emphasizes the importance of patient-centered care and the role of the nurse in facilitating a positive patient experience through effective communication and education.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C) Altered level of consciousness. Thyrotoxic crisis, also known as thyroid storm, is a life-threatening condition characterized by severe manifestations of hyperthyroidism. Altered level of consciousness is a hallmark sign of thyrotoxic crisis due to the profound effects of excess thyroid hormones on the central nervous system. Patients may present with agitation, delirium, confusion, or even progress to coma. Option A) Chest pain is not a typical sign of thyrotoxic crisis. While individuals with hyperthyroidism may experience palpitations or tachycardia, chest pain is more commonly associated with cardiac conditions. Option B) Bradycardia is the opposite of what is seen in thyrotoxic crisis, where patients typically exhibit tachycardia and other signs of sympathetic overactivity. Option D) Hypothermia is also not a typical feature of thyrotoxic crisis. Instead, patients with thyrotoxicosis often have heat intolerance and may present with fever or hyperthermia due to increased metabolic activity. Educational Context: Nurses play a crucial role in educating patients about the signs and symptoms of thyroid disorders, including the potentially life-threatening thyrotoxic crisis. Recognizing the early warning signs of thyrotoxic crisis is essential for prompt intervention and preventing complications. By understanding the distinct clinical manifestations of thyrotoxic crisis, nurses can provide competent care and ensure positive patient outcomes.