ATI RN
Introduction to Nursing Final Exam Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient who has recently started taking pravastatin (Pravachol) and niacin reports several symptoms to the nurse. Which information is most important to communicate to the health care provider?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Generalized muscle aches and pains. This is important to communicate as it could indicate rhabdomyolysis, a serious side effect of statin therapy like pravastatin. Rhabdomyolysis can lead to muscle breakdown and kidney damage, requiring immediate medical attention. Choice B is less urgent and can be managed by advising the patient to change positions slowly. Choice C is a common side effect of niacin but is not as serious as potential muscle issues. Choice D, flushing and pruritus, are common side effects of niacin and are generally not as concerning as muscle symptoms.
Question 2 of 5
On auscultation of a patient’s lungs, the nurse hears low-pitched, bubbling sounds during inhalation in the lower third bilaterally. How should the nurse document this finding?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inspiratory crackles at the bases. Crackles are abnormal lung sounds caused by air passing through fluid in the alveoli or small airways. In this case, the low-pitched bubbling sounds heard during inhalation in the lower third bilaterally indicate the presence of inspiratory crackles at the bases. This finding suggests fluid accumulation in the lungs, commonly seen in conditions such as pneumonia or heart failure affecting the bases. The other choices are incorrect because expiratory wheezes typically indicate asthma or COPD, abnormal lung sounds in the apices suggest conditions like tuberculosis, and pleural friction rub is characterized by a grating sound heard during both inspiration and expiration, commonly associated with pleurisy or pleural inflammation, not fluid-filled alveoli.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is hospitalized with active tuberculosis (TB). Which assessment finding indicates to the nurse that prescribed airborne precautions are likely to be discontinued?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because negative sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli indicate reduced infectivity and lower risk of transmission. This means the patient is likely non-infectious and can discontinue airborne precautions. Choice A is incorrect because upper lobe infiltrates are common in TB. Choice B is incorrect as TB treatment usually lasts 6-9 months. Choice C is incorrect because an induration of 10 mm on Mantoux testing indicates exposure to TB, not readiness to discontinue precautions.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse cares for a client who is scheduled for a total laryngectomy. What action would the nurse take prior to surgery?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Prior to total laryngectomy, the nurse should assist the client to choose a communication method as the client will lose their ability to speak post-surgery. This step is crucial for the client's psychosocial well-being and quality of life. Assessing airway patency, breathing, and circulation (A) is important but is typically done as part of routine preoperative assessment and not specific to laryngectomy. Administering pain medication (B) is important but is not the priority before surgery, as the client may not be in pain at that moment. Ambulating the client (D) is not necessary before laryngectomy and does not address the client's communication needs.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client who has cystic fibrosis (CF). Which statement would the nurse include in this client’s teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is correct because individuals with CF require a well-balanced, nutritious diet to support their overall health and manage their condition. This includes adequate intake of calories, protein, vitamins, and minerals. A balanced diet can help improve lung function, maintain a healthy weight, and support the body's immune system. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Taking antibiotics daily may not be necessary for all CF patients, genetic screening is important but not directly related to dietary needs, and exercise recommendations should be individualized based on the client's health status.