A patient who has been vomiting for several days from an unknown cause is admitted to the hospital. What should the nurse anticipate will be included in collaborative care?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: IV replacement of fluid and electrolytes. When a patient has been vomiting for several days, they are at risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Intravenous fluids are necessary to rehydrate the patient and restore electrolyte balance. Oral administration of broth and tea (choice A) may not be sufficient for severe dehydration. Administration of parenteral antiemetics (choice C) may help control vomiting but does not address the dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Insertion of a nasogastric (NG) tube for suction (choice D) may be considered if the patient has severe gastric distention or ileus, but the priority is to address fluid and electrolyte imbalances first.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: NPO status in preparation for possible appendectomy. This patient presents with classic signs of appendicitis, such as persistent pain at McBurney's point, rebound tenderness, muscle guarding, and preference for lying still with the right leg flexed. NPO status is crucial to prevent complications if surgery is needed. Laxatives (choice A) are not indicated as the focus should be on diagnosing and treating appendicitis. Parenteral fluids and antibiotics (choice C) may be necessary but not specifically for 6 hours before surgery. Inserting an NG tube (choice D) is not necessary for appendicitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Maintaining a high-fiber diet and using bulk laxatives helps to increase fecal volume, which can prevent constipation and reduce the risk of diverticulitis flare-ups. High-fiber foods promote healthy bowel movements and prevent the formation of small pockets in the colon (diverticula). Anticholinergic drugs (choice A) are not typically used for diverticulosis. Annual colonoscopies (choice B) are important for colon cancer screening but not specific to diverticulosis management. Excluding whole grain breads and cereals (choice D) is not recommended as fiber from these foods is beneficial for digestive health and can help prevent diverticular disease complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: HBV vaccine is given to provide active immunity to the individual against Hepatitis B virus. Step 2: HBIG is given for immediate, short-term passive immunity by providing pre-formed antibodies. Step 3: Using both HBV vaccine and HBIG together provides both immediate and long-term protection. Step 4: Interferon is not used for prophylaxis against HBV as it is used for treatment rather than prevention. Summary: Choice D is correct because it combines active and passive immunity for comprehensive protection. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not provide the necessary dual protection against HBV post-needle stick exposure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pancreatic abscess. A pancreatic abscess is a serious complication of acute pancreatitis that can lead to sepsis if not promptly drained surgically. Abscess formation occurs when infected necrotic tissue accumulates in the pancreas. Prompt surgical drainage is necessary to prevent the spread of infection and systemic complications. A: Tetany is not a complication of acute pancreatitis that requires surgical drainage to prevent sepsis. Tetany is associated with hypocalcemia, which can occur in pancreatitis but is managed medically. B: Pseudocyst is a common complication of pancreatitis but usually resolves spontaneously or can be managed conservatively unless it becomes infected or causes symptoms. C: Pleural effusion can occur in severe cases of pancreatitis but is managed medically through supportive care and may not always require surgical drainage unless it leads to complications like infection.