ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Online Practice 2019 A Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient who has been taking a benzodiazepine as a sleep aid for several months wishes to stop taking the medication. The nurse will suggest that the patient taper the dose gradually to avoid which effect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When a patient has been taking a benzodiazepine for an extended period, abruptly stopping the medication can lead to withdrawal symptoms. These symptoms may include anxiety, irritability, agitation, insomnia, tremors, sweating, and in severe cases, seizures. To avoid these withdrawal effects, the nurse will recommend tapering the dose gradually under medical supervision. This approach allows the body to adjust slowly and reduces the likelihood of experiencing withdrawal symptoms. It is essential to follow a tapering schedule under the guidance of a healthcare provider to ensure a smooth transition off the medication and minimize the risk of withdrawal.
Question 2 of 5
A prenatal patient tells the nurse that she is not taking vitamins because she heard that vitamins may cause damage to the fetus if she becomes pregnant. What is the nurse's best response?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: While vitamins are generally beneficial during pregnancy, excessive doses (megadoses) can be harmful, especially in the first trimester. The nurse should emphasize the importance of taking vitamins at recommended levels and avoiding excessive supplementation. Taking extra vitamins (B) is not advised, and doses above the RDA (D) should be avoided unless prescribed.
Question 3 of 5
The following are commonly associated with phlebitis when given via the intravenous route:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Potassium chloride is highly irritant to veins and often leads to inflammation (phlebitis) when administered intravenously.
Question 4 of 5
Currently, there is no way to prevent myelosuppression. However, there are medications available to elicit a more rapid bone marrow recovery. An example is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit) is an example of a medication used to elicit a more rapid bone marrow recovery. It is a form of erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. By stimulating red blood cell production, epoetin alfa can help in faster recovery from myelosuppression, a condition characterized by low blood cell counts. This medication is commonly used in patients undergoing chemotherapy or those with chronic kidney disease to manage anemia and improve overall quality of life. Therefore, epoetin alfa is the correct answer in this scenario as it specifically addresses the issue of bone marrow recovery.
Question 5 of 5
The nursing instructor prepares to teach student nurses about how mean effective doses of medications are related to clinical practice. As a result of the instruction, what is the best understanding of the student nurses?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mean effective dose (ED50) affects 50% of a population, but individuals vary-some need more or less due to metabolism, weight, or genetics, a clinical reality. Severe side effects aren't 50%-that's toxicity. Ethnic differences influence response, but dose variation is broader. No effect in 50% misreads ED50. Dose adjustment reflects individual pharmacokinetics, key to practice.