ATI RN
Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient who has been receiving diuretic therapy is admitted to the emergency department with a serum potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L. The nurse should alert the health care provider immediately that the patient is on which medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Digoxin (Lanoxin) 0.25 mg/day. Rationale: 1. Digoxin can cause hypokalemia as a side effect. 2. Diuretics can further lower potassium levels, leading to digoxin toxicity. 3. Hypokalemia increases the risk of digoxin toxicity. 4. Serum potassium of 3.0 mEq/L is below normal range, indicating increased risk of toxicity. 5. Alerting the healthcare provider immediately is crucial to prevent severe complications. Summary: - Ibuprofen does not directly affect potassium levels. - Lantus insulin and Metoprolol are not typically associated with hypokalemia. - Digoxin is the most concerning choice due to its potential interaction with low potassium levels.
Question 2 of 5
In determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or creatinine clearance, a 24-hour urine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a reliable 24-hour urine collection is essential for accurately determining GFR or creatinine clearance. Without a complete and accurate urine collection over 24 hours, the results will be inaccurate. Choice B is incorrect because alternative methods, such as estimating GFR using equations, can be used if a 24-hour urine collection is not possible. Choice C is incorrect because BUN is not a direct measure of GFR or creatinine clearance. Choice D is incorrect because an elevated BUN/creatinine ratio is not typically used to determine GFR or creatinine clearance.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is assessing a patient with a new arteriovenous fistula, but does not hear a bruit or
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: notify the provider immediately. A bruit is a normal sound heard over an arteriovenous fistula, indicating proper blood flow. The absence of a bruit may suggest a clot or blockage, which can lead to serious complications. Notifying the provider promptly allows for timely intervention to prevent further issues. Choices A and B are incorrect as they do not address the potential seriousness of the situation. Choice C is incorrect as raising the arm may temporarily change blood flow but does not address the underlying cause of the absent bruit.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving peritoneal dialysis. The patient suddenly
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because sudden changes in a patient's condition during peritoneal dialysis could indicate neurological issues like infection or intracranial bleeding. Evaluating the patient's neurological status will help identify any potential complications that require immediate intervention. Assessing peritoneal dialysate return (B) is important but not the priority in this situation. Checking blood sugar (C) is relevant for diabetic patients but not specifically indicated here. Choice A does not provide any specific action and lacks relevance to the situation.
Question 5 of 5
The patient is in the critical care unit and will receive dialysis this morning. The nurse will (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: 1. Evaluating morning lab results is essential before dialysis to ensure patient safety. 2. Abnormal lab values can impact dialysis treatment and require immediate intervention. 3. Reporting abnormal results promptly allows for timely adjustments in the dialysis plan. 4. Administering antihypertensive meds, assessing dialysis access, and weighing the patient are not directly related to preparing for dialysis. 5. Administering antihypertensive meds without lab evaluation can be risky due to potential electrolyte imbalances.