ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology 2023 Proctored Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient who has been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder will begin taking venlafaxine(Effexor). The nurse who performs a medication and dietary history will be concerned about ingestion of which substance or drug?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: St. John's wort is an herbal supplement known to interact with many medications, including venlafaxine (Effexor). It can reduce the effectiveness of venlafaxine by increasing its metabolism and clearance from the body, potentially leading to decreased therapeutic effects. Therefore, patients taking venlafaxine for social anxiety disorder should be advised to avoid St. John's wort to prevent any negative interactions and ensure the medication works effectively. It is essential for the nurse to inquire about the use of St. John's wort during the medication and dietary history assessment to prevent such interactions.
Question 2 of 5
The mechanism of action of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as raloxifene (Evista), is to
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SERMs (e.g., raloxifene) slow bone resorption-mimicking estrogen on osteoclasts, per pharmacology-not raising calcium, inhibiting microtubules (cancer drugs), or directly boosting mass (bisphosphonates). Resorption slowdown preserves bone, per action.
Question 3 of 5
Prior to administering medications, the student nurse reviews the therapeutic index. Which statement best describes the student's understanding of therapeutic index?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Therapeutic index (TI), the ratio of toxic to effective dose, gauges safety-wide TI means safer dosing, helping the student assess if doses are within safe limits. Best drug choice is clinical, not TI-based. Interactions aren't TI-specific. Monitoring needs tie to narrow TI drugs (e.g., lithium), but safety is broader. TI ensures safe dosing, a key review point.
Question 4 of 5
A male patient is undergoing chemotherapy may also be given the drug allopurinol (Zyloprim, Aloprim). Allopurinol inhibits the synthesis of uric acid. Concomitant administration of allopurinol prevents:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Allopurinol is primarily used to prevent gout and hyperuricemia, which are common side effects of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy often leads to the rapid destruction of cancer cells, releasing large amounts of uric acid into the bloodstream. This can cause hyperuricemia, leading to gout or kidney stones. Allopurinol works by inhibiting xanthine oxidase, an enzyme involved in uric acid production, thereby reducing uric acid levels. While myelosuppression and pancytopenia are concerns during chemotherapy, they are not directly addressed by allopurinol. Similarly, allopurinol does not inhibit cancer cell growth or replication.
Question 5 of 5
Mannitol (Osmitrol), an osmotic diuretic, is contraindicated to which conditions? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 1. Narrow-angle glaucoma: Mannitol can exacerbate narrow-angle glaucoma by causing an increase in intraocular pressure. Therefore, it is contraindicated in patients with this condition.