A patient who had major surgery is experiencing emotional stress as well as physiologic stress from the effects of surgery. What can this stress cause?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of a patient experiencing emotional and physiologic stress post-major surgery, the correct answer is C) Fluid retention. This stress can lead to the release of stress hormones like cortisol and aldosterone, which can cause the body to retain sodium and water, resulting in fluid retention. This can manifest as edema and contribute to complications like heart failure. Option A) Diuresis is incorrect because stress typically leads to fluid retention, not diuresis, which is the increased production of urine. Option B) Hyperkalemia is incorrect as stress typically does not directly cause high levels of potassium in the blood. Hyperkalemia is more commonly associated with conditions like kidney disease or certain medications. Option D) Impaired blood coagulation is incorrect in this scenario because stress-induced fluid retention does not directly impact blood coagulation. Impaired blood coagulation is more commonly associated with factors like clotting disorders or medications affecting coagulation. Educationally, understanding the physiological responses to stress and surgery is crucial for nurses to provide optimal care to postoperative patients. Recognizing the impact of stress on fluid balance can help nurses anticipate and manage potential complications related to fluid retention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) permit drainage of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber. A peripheral iridectomy is a surgical procedure performed to create a small hole in the iris to allow for better drainage of aqueous humor in conditions like narrow-angle glaucoma. This procedure helps to relieve intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve. Option B) promoting the formation of permanent anterior synechiae with the cornea is incorrect because synechiae are adhesions between structures in the eye, which can lead to complications like angle-closure glaucoma, not the intended outcome of the procedure. Option C) promoting the formation of permanent posterior synechiae with the lens is also incorrect. Posterior synechiae are adhesions between the iris and the lens, which can lead to issues like posterior capsular opacification, not the goal of a peripheral iridectomy. Option D) gaining access to the lens for easy removal is not the purpose of a peripheral iridectomy. This procedure is specifically performed to address issues related to intraocular pressure and aqueous humor drainage, not for accessing or removing the lens. Understanding the purpose and implications of a peripheral iridectomy is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals working with patients with glaucoma or other eye conditions requiring this procedure. It is essential to grasp the rationale behind each option to provide safe and effective care to patients undergoing such surgeries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate emergency treatment for Mr. Jones, who has a branch lodged in his eye with bleeding eyelid, is to cover the eye with a protective shield (Option A). This action helps to prevent further injury by providing a barrier that can stabilize the foreign object and protect the eye from additional trauma. Option B, encouraging Mr. Jones to hold his eye closed tightly, is incorrect as it may cause further damage by putting pressure on the foreign object. Option C, applying a pressure dressing to the eye, is also inappropriate as it can exacerbate the situation by increasing pressure on the lodged branch and causing more harm. Option D, removing the foreign body and applying a sterile dressing, is not recommended in this situation as removing the object without proper medical equipment and expertise can lead to more severe damage to the eye. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding first aid principles in emergency situations involving eye injuries. It emphasizes the need to prioritize protecting the eye and seeking professional medical help promptly to prevent complications and ensure the best possible outcome for the patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) She asks for medication upon the first indication of an attack. This option demonstrates that Mrs. Filbert understands the importance of early intervention in managing her condition effectively. By recognizing the signs of an impending attack and proactively seeking treatment, she shows comprehension of the teaching provided. Option A is incorrect because delaying medication out of fear of addiction is not a recommended approach in managing a medical condition. Option C is incorrect as it does not directly relate to understanding her condition. Option D is also incorrect as asking family for assistance at mealtime does not specifically indicate understanding of her medical condition. In an educational context, it is crucial for patients to demonstrate understanding of their condition by being proactive in managing their health. This includes recognizing symptoms, adhering to treatment plans, and seeking help when needed. By choosing option B, Mrs. Filbert displays a key aspect of patient education and empowerment in managing her health effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) The patient is under the influence of amphetamines. This presentation aligns with amphetamine intoxication, also known as amphetamine use disorder. Amphetamines can cause symptoms such as increased talkativeness, alertness, dilated pupils, elevated temperature, and excessive sweating. These stimulants can also lead to decreased need for sleep, which is consistent with the patient's statement of never needing to sleep anymore. Option A) The patient is under the influence of heroin is incorrect because heroin typically causes symptoms opposite to those described, such as sedation, constricted pupils, and respiratory depression. Option C) The patient is under the influence of oxycodone is incorrect as oxycodone, an opioid, would typically cause symptoms like drowsiness, respiratory depression, and pinpoint pupils. Option D) The patient is under the influence of Oxycodan is not a recognized substance and does not align with any known drug effects. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare providers to recognize signs of drug intoxication to provide appropriate care and intervention. Understanding the unique effects of different substances can guide treatment decisions and ensure patient safety. This case highlights the importance of thorough assessment and knowledge of substance use manifestations in the medical setting.