A patient who had a transverse colectomy for diverticulosis 18 hours ago has nasogastric suction. The patient reports anxiety and incisional pain. The patient's respiratory rate is 32 breaths/min, and the arterial blood gases (ABGs) indicate respiratory alkalosis. Which action should the nurse take first?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Teaching the patient to take slow, deep breaths when anxious is the first action the nurse should take. The patient is experiencing respiratory alkalosis, likely due to hyperventilation from anxiety. Teaching the patient relaxation techniques can help normalize the respiratory rate and improve oxygenation. Checking the nasogastric tube (A) can be done later as it is not the priority. Giving morphine (B) may further depress respiratory drive and worsen the alkalosis. Notifying the health care provider (C) is not necessary at this moment as the nurse can address the situation effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because assessing the catheter site for redness and swelling is crucial in monitoring for signs of infection, which is a common complication with percutaneous dialysis catheters. This step helps in early detection and prompt intervention to prevent further complications. Incorrect choices: A: This choice is too vague and does not provide specific guidance on catheter care. B: Applying a sterile gauze dressing is important, but it is not the most critical step in caring for a percutaneous dialysis catheter. C: Replacing the transparent dressing every 10 days is not recommended as it may increase the risk of infection due to unnecessary manipulation of the catheter site.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The presence of protein in the glomerular filtrate would indicate a problem with renal function because normally, the glomerulus filters out waste products like creatinine and electrolytes like sodium, but retains proteins. If proteins are found in the filtrate, it suggests that the filtration barrier of the kidney is compromised, leading to protein leakage. Creatinine is a waste product that should be filtered out, so its presence alone does not indicate a renal issue. Sodium is an electrolyte that is normally filtered out efficiently, and the presence of red blood cells in the filtrate would indicate a problem with the filtration process rather than renal function. Therefore, only choice A (Protein) is a clear indicator of a problem with renal function.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Correct Answer: D Rationale: 1. Body fluids consist of water and solutes dissolved in it, such as ions, proteins, and other molecules. 2. Referring to body fluids as 'body water' would not account for the presence of solutes in the fluids. 3. It is essential to acknowledge that body fluids are a combination of water and various dissolved substances. 4. By recognizing that body fluids are water plus solutes, the complexity and composition of these fluids are accurately represented. Summary of other choices: A. Incorrect. Internal body cavities are still considered part of the body, so this does not explain why 'body water' is inaccurate. B. Incorrect. Sweat is still a body fluid that contains water and solutes, so this does not address the inaccuracy in the term 'body water.' C. Incorrect. While some body fluids may contain lipids, not all body fluids are lipid-based, so this does not explain the inaccuracy of the term '

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When isotonic fluid is added to the ECF, the concentration of solutes in the ECF remains the same as the ICF. Thus, there will be no osmotic gradient to drive fluid movement between the ECF and ICF, resulting in no net fluid shift. Option A is incorrect because in an isotonic solution, there is no concentration gradient to drive fluid from ICF to ECF. Option C is incorrect as fluid will not shift from ECF to ICF due to the isotonic nature of the added fluid. Option D is incorrect as adding isotonic fluid does not affect solute movement between the ECF and ICF. Thus, the correct answer is B.