A patient who began haloperidol (Haldol) therapy 24 hours ago tells the nurse that he feels jittery and unable to sit or stand still. The nurse can hypothesize that this report is related to:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Akathisia. Akathisia is a common side effect of haloperidol characterized by an inner feeling of restlessness, jitteriness, and an inability to sit or stand still. This typically occurs within the first few days of starting antipsychotic medication, such as haloperidol. Dystonia (choice A) presents with sustained muscle contractions causing abnormal postures or repetitive movements. Serotonin syndrome (choice C) is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by excessive serotonin levels and typically presents with symptoms like agitation, confusion, and hyperthermia. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (choice D) is a rare but serious side effect of antipsychotic medications characterized by fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because asking about the patient's worst and best times of day can provide insight into disturbances in circadian rhythms commonly seen in major depression. This question directly addresses the patient's sleep-wake cycle, energy levels, and mood fluctuations throughout the day. It helps identify patterns of insomnia, hypersomnia, and diurnal mood variations which are common in depression. Choice A is incorrect as it pertains to hallucinations, not circadian rhythm disturbances. Choice C is irrelevant to assessing circadian rhythms. Choice D focuses on thoughts related to sadness, not specifically related to circadian rhythm disruptions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it emphasizes the importance of avoiding certain foods while starting an MAOI medication, provides a clear timeline for the patient to follow, and offers the opportunity to address any questions. This approach ensures the patient is well-informed about dietary restrictions and can make necessary adjustments. Choice B is incorrect because it does not specify the timeline for avoiding certain foods, ordering the new medication, or addressing potential concerns the patient may have. Choice C is incorrect as it delays the prescription for the new medication until after the patient has been off Zoloft for 4 weeks, potentially leaving the patient without treatment during this period. Choice D is incorrect because it rushes the process by only allowing 2 days off Zoloft before starting the new medication, which may not provide enough time for the previous medication to clear the system and may lead to adverse interactions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chronic pain. The patient's pain has been ongoing for 4 months and is gradually increasing, indicating a long-lasting and persistent nature characteristic of chronic pain. Chronic pain is defined as pain lasting beyond the expected healing time. Acute pain (choice A) is sudden and short-term. Somatic pain (choice C) arises from the skin, muscles, or bones and is localized, not consistent with the abdominal pain described. Neuropathic pain (choice D) results from nerve damage and is typically described as burning or shooting, not matching the dull ache described by the patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because chlorpromazine can cause photosensitivity, making the patient more prone to sunburn and skin damage. It is essential for the patient to wear sunscreen while outside to protect their skin. Choice A is incorrect as there is no specific interaction between chlorpromazine and caffeine. Choice C is incorrect because long-term therapy with chlorpromazine is more likely to result in sedation and drowsiness rather than nervousness and excitability. Choice D is incorrect as antacids may interfere with the absorption of chlorpromazine, so they should not be taken together.