A patient was treated with digoxin and he develop signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity caused by furosemide therapy. What did the diuretic most likely do to precipitate the digoxin toxicity?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: C: The diuretic furosemide causes potassium loss (hypokalemia), which can lead to increased toxicity of digoxin. Low potassium levels can enhance the effects of digoxin, resulting in digoxin toxicity. Summary: A: Hypocalcemia is not directly related to digoxin toxicity. B: Hyponatremia is not directly related to digoxin toxicity. D: This choice is incorrect as hypokalemia is a known risk factor for digoxin toxicity.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Furosemide. Furosemide is a loop diuretic, which is the most potent type of diuretic that acts on the loop of Henle in the kidney, leading to significant water and electrolyte loss. This excessive diuresis can result in hypovolemia and subsequent hypotension. Acetazolamide (A) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic that works in the proximal tubule and is not as potent as loop diuretics. Spironolactone (C) is a potassium-sparing diuretic that acts on the distal tubule and collecting duct, so it is not as potent as loop diuretics and does not typically cause hypotension from excessive diuresis. Hydrochlorothiazide (D) is a thiazide diuretic that works in the distal convoluted tubule and is less potent than loop diuretics like f

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Amiloride. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by inhibiting aldosterone. Combining it with another potassium-sparing diuretic like Amiloride can increase the risk of hyperkalemia. On the other hand, combining Spironolactone with loop diuretics like Furosemide or thiazide diuretics like Chlorthalidone or Hydrochlorothiazide can provide synergistic effects by targeting different parts of the nephron to enhance diuresis without significantly increasing the risk of hyperkalemia. So, combining Spironolactone with Amiloride is not recommended to avoid hyperkalemia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (D): 1. Large or complicated calculi can lead to serious complications like kidney damage or constant bleeding. 2. Asking the client to recollect urine afresh allows for accurate testing to guide appropriate treatment. 3. Surgical treatments may be necessary but are not the immediate priority in this scenario. 4. Urgent intervention is needed to address the complications associated with the calculi. 5. Proper diagnosis and management of the underlying issues are crucial before considering surgical options. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A: Describing treatment options for renal cancer is irrelevant to the question about calculi management. B: High priority nursing diagnoses for chronic glomerulonephritis do not address the immediate issue of large or complicated calculi. C: Options for vascular access with hemodialysis are unrelated to the surgical treatment of calculi complications.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Intravenous fluids. Acute renal failure due to decreased blood volume requires fluid resuscitation to improve renal perfusion and function. This restores circulating volume and improves renal blood flow, helping to prevent further kidney damage. Inotropic agents (B) are used to improve heart function, erythropoietin (C) stimulates red blood cell production, and diuretics (D) increase urine output but can further decrease blood volume in this scenario.